Question:

OBR- On a 2-2 pitch, the batter intentionally, obviously stuck his elbow into the strikezone allowing the pitch to hit him. The umpire called it strike three since it was so obviously in the zone. Did he make the right call?   (Peter from Athens, GA)

Answer:

The umpire made the correct call here. It is strike three and the batter would be declared out. One more thing not to forget, when a batter is hit by a pitched ball, the ball becomes dead immediately. That means no advancement by any runners that happen to be on base. The correct mechanic by the plate umpire should be to first call time, then declare the batter out. - T.W.

Question:

I have two questions if you don't mind.

1. When, or at what point, can an infielder block a base to keep a runner from getting back to a base on a pick off attempt?
2. For pitchers. Is the "Luis Tiant" fake to second base considered a balk if it's not part of his regular motion?   (Rick from Saugus, CA)

Answer:

1. The fielder while in the act of fielding the ball has a right to the ball and may while in this act, block a base, to a point. He must give the runner a reasonable chance at the bag. This is all umpire judgement. Realistically, if the fielder has the ball and the runner is diving back, I have an out because the runner was caught flat footed.
2. A pitcher can fake to second base provided there is a runner there. If the runner is on first base and the pitcher makes no effort to throw to second, or there is no play, that is a balk. He (the pitcher) must be making a play for it not to be a balk. What that means is, the runner must be going. One thing you must remember, that the pitcher must have his foot on the rubber. If he removes the foot prior to any fake or throw, he is considered an infielder and no balk would be called. If I am not mistaken, Luis Tiant removed his foot from the rubber. - J.R.

Question:

If a person is up to bat and the count is 1-1 and there are 2 outs and a runner on 2nd and the runner tries to steal and gets out, is the batter up still, or is it the next batter?   (Rachel from Escondido, CA)

Answer:

The same batter returns the next inning with a 0-0 count. - J.R.

Question:

This concerns ballpark etiquette: Is there a rule about sound-making devices such as horns, whistles, etc. being allowed to be used inside ballparks by fans during major league games? More specifically, American league? Thanks.   (Dan from Seattle, WA)

Answer:

In baseball the field belongs to the players and the stands belong to the fans. The umpire has sole discretion of all that goes on inside the stadium. To wit, he can order/ request that the organist or announcer to refrain from playing or talking during the time the ball is in play. If you notice, the organist will play only when the ball is dead or time has been called. The ump can request that if in his judgement it is interfering with the game, the noise be stopped or the person can be removed from the stadium or even forfeiture of the game by the home team.

As far as fans go, any noise that is distracting, an announcement can be made to quiet the fans down, the instigating individual can be removed or the game can be forfeited by the home team. - J.R.

Question:

My question is more of an equipment rules question. I have heard that the approved bat size for high school ball is currently -5, and that college is -3. I understand that high school will soon switch to -3 for safety reasons. Is this true? I am trying to invest in a quality bat for my freshman son, and want to purchase the correct size.   (Pat from Marlboro, NJ)

Answer:

I have heard that there is a bat rule change coming and has already been sent to the NJSIAA. The "Official" release to the umpires will happen in early March. I do not know the specifics, my advice is to either contact the NJSIAA in Robbinsville, NJ or to wait until the spring to purchase the bat. - J.R.

It is rumored that the National Federation will make a change to the bat weight rules in the near future. I have heard the same rumor of the switch to -3 and in fact was told by my state interpreter not to invest significantly in a bat that may shortly be illegal for high school baseball. Sorry that I don't have more concrete information. You can check for rules updates on the National Federation web site. - T.W.

Question:

At a little league game tonight, a mother was giving the 14 year old umpire a hard time the entire game. Her 9 year old daughter as well. They seemed to be enjoying themselves. It was tolerable, I guess, until the president of the league, and her husband, sat down beside the woman. They did not join in on the jeering, but it didn't stop upon their arrival. As a matter of fact it became more intense and quite comical to the 3 of them. I asked them what the rule was on ejecting boorish fans, and they directed me to consult the umpire saying he was more than welcome to remove the woman if he so desired..

The league has deteriorated since this couple has "taken over". What can a parent do to protect the officiating youth, and preserve a peaceful playing atmosphere for their children?   (Eric from Henderson, NV)

Answer:

This is a question that has that grey area ring to it in the grand scope of this forum. However it has merit and is deserving of an answer. By rule, the umpire can hold up the game or eject those individuals in the stands if things get out of hand. The home team would forfeit the game if the umpire has had enough abuse, no matter who was instigating the events. Each umpire or official has their own level of threshold of abuse, certain key words that would launch a player or coach from the game. The spectators are a bit different.

I have passed on your question the the National Association of Sports Officials for a reply and hope to be able to post that here soon. - J.R.

Followup:

In 5/97, REFEREE magazine published an article call "Growin' Up." It dealt with the rising use of youth officials in sports. The use of youth officials has been rising due to demand and the lack of adult officials today. The trend still continues.

What can a parent do to protect these officials and to discurage abuse from spectators? Several experts recommend that the youth officials not officate people the same age or older. A 5 year difference is recomended. Also the game environment must be controlled. The league must have in place a mechanism to deal with out-of-control adults. This "mechanism" can be another adult gently reminding the offender to give the offical a break or a policy of no tolerance for any abuse such as Youth Soccer has. You may need to go to your local recreation commission meetings and tell the president that this needs to be addressed, and as the leader of such he or she must lead by example.

Question:

Batter swings at pitch and chops ball into ground/plate area (unknown if fair or foul). Ball bounds straight back up to lightly touch batter on shoulder, arm, and elbow. Batter continues swing and in the backswing the ball contacts the bat for a second time and rolls slowly toward the pitcher just as if it were a bunt. The batter does not run to first thinking the ball is dead. The play is made and the batter is called out. Is this correct?   (Dave from Cortland, OH)

Answer:

No. The batter is not out. Once the ball hits the batter in a play such as you describe, while he is still in the batter's box, the ball is dead. It is then ruled a foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

During a youth tournament my starting pitcher was on the mound ready to start the game when the umpire called time and had my pitcher's glove removed because his glove was two tone black with tan web. I know of rule l.l5, but what is "uniform in color"? I see some Major League pitchers using similar gloves and why do glove companies describe these gloves as pitcher's gloves?   (Paul from Aiea, HI)

Answer:

The intent of the rule is to prevent the pitcher from wearing a light colored, white, or a glove that has something that would look like a baseball in it. This would give the pitcher an unfair advantage over the batter. Black and tan do not violate this rule. - J.R.

Question:

I have 2 questions that I am having trouble answering:

1. Runner on 1st with 1 out. There is a ground ball to the second baseman. What can the runner do to avoid the tag and throw (double play)? Can he stop running? Can he move backwards away from the 2nd baseman? I believe that he is allowed to stop in his tracks but is declared 'out' when / if he moves backwards or out of the 3 feet to either side of the baseline.
2. Runner on secon with 1 out. Fly ball to center field. In the process of making a great catch the center fielder juggles the ball for a couple of seconds. The ump waits until the fielder has total control and signals an out. The runner has tagged up from second at the time of first contact with the fielder, long before the ump declares an out. Did he leave early or is he allowed to go on ahead to 3rd base?

Answer:

1. The runner cannot do very much. Indeed, if he stops and moves backward toward first base, he is declared out. He can try to evade the tag but he is restricted by his established base line, 3 ft to either side.
2. The base runner can leave on the first touch of the ball by the outfielder. This rule was originally written so that the runner had to wait for the out to be declared. It was changed in 1973 when an enterprising left fielder with a runner on 3rd base in the 1972 World Series juggled the ball all the way into the infield to freeze the runner at 3rd base. - J.R.

Question:

I have a question that I can not get clarified. If there is a man on 1st and the pitcher is in the stretch position then comes to the set position, is it a balk if the pitcher steps off the back of the pitcher's plate and fakes a throw to 1st base? I say that it is not a balk because he is now considered a fielder.   (Keith from Wilmington)

Answer:

That is true, if he steps off the rubber, he is an infielder and no balk if he fakes the throw to chase him back. - J.R.

Question:

(10&11 yr. olds) Situation is: There is a runner on 2nd base, batter receives ball four, runner on 2nd precedes to advance or attempt stealing 3rd base on ball 4 to batter. Is runner allowed to advance? Or is there a temporary suspension of play for batter to take his base? Thanks.   (Richard from Whittier, CA)

Answer:

By all codes (NCAA, FED, OBR), the runner is allowed to advance on the steal. The only exception to this may be a league rule your league may make. - J.R.

Question:

R1 on 3rd, R2 on first. On the pitch R1 breaks for home before batter can square. The catcher steps forward and catches the pitch while standing on home plate. The catcher did not obstruct the hitter so I called a balk on the catcher, sent R1 home and R2 to second. Did I make the right call. We were playing under Federation rules.   (Robert from Jackson, NJ)

Answer:

This play has been debated in my association for the last year. Two schools of thought here.

1. If there is no attempt by the batter to hit the ball, there is no interference/obstruction. Let the play stand as is.
2. The catcher by moving in front of the plate before the ball has reached the plate is violating the rules. Enforce the rule as written. (6.08 C. pro rule)

Question:

Please help answer a question. Is there a limit to the number of foul balls that a batter can hit during his at bat? We have NEVER been able to answer this trivia question - what is the MOST number of foul balls hit by a major league player during a single time at bat? Thanks.   (Mike from Oklahoma City, OK)

Answer:

There is no limit to the number of foul balls a batter can hit. (Note: Provided that the supply of baseballs is unlimited. )

As for who has hit the most, that is baseball trivia and not part of this forum. - J.R.

Question:

In the majors, can a batter look at the catcher to steal the signal to the pitcher?   (Karen from Ithaca, NY)

Answer:

Yes, he can if he wants. - J.R.

Question:

A player hits a triple with another player on first base. The other team appeals and said the runner missed 2nd base. They did not specify which runner missed 2nd base. Does the umpire make a call or can he ask for clarification? Thank you.   (Larry from Colorado Springs, CO)

Answer:

Umpire could do both, he could ask which runner or he can just rule. - J.R.

Question:

Batter hits a line drive in fair territory over the third base bag (ball has not touched the ground). Ball hooks and lands in the outfield just outside the left field line. Since the ball was fair when it crossed the 'plane' of third base as it was headed for the outfield is it a fair ball? Thanks.   (Brad from Charlotte, NC)

Answer:

If it lands on the foul side of the line, foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

During the regular season in MLB, if a game has completed at least 5 innings and a team is ahead, the game can be considered finished if a storm stops play and the umpire calls it. Does it work the same in the World Series? If "no", how is it different?   (Dave from Cedar Rapids, IA)

Answer:

Slightly different for championship play. MLB will use the suspended game rule, which says that any game after the 5 inning mark will continue from the point at which it was stopped. And if the 5 inning mark is not reached, the game will be replayed. - J.R.

Question:

Can a pitcher attempt a pickoff to second base, or for any base for that matter while the pitcher is in the windup? I know in Federation rules you cannot but I was wondering about an OBR ruling. The way I read the book this is permissible, but my coach and several other coaches I know say that anytime a pitcher is in the windup he must first step off before throwing to a base. Who is correct, if anybody?   (Matthew from Pikesville, MD)

Answer:

Both Federation and OBR agree on any pickoff move in the windup to any base, the pitcher must step off or step toward the base. One other point, once the kick leg (non pivot foot) has passed the back edge of the rubber and is moving forward, the pitcher is committed to throw to the batter. - J.R.

Question:

Runner on 1st one out, batter hits ground ball to pitcher which is deflected towards 2nd base, runner starts to slide and at the same time the 2nd baseman moves up to field the ground ball and the players collide. I ruled runner safe as he was in a direct line to 2nd base before the fielder attempted to field the ball. The manager of the defensive team argued that the runner interfered with his player trying to field the ball. Did I make the correct call?   (Louis from Philadelphia)

Answer:

This is one of those judgement calls we have to make in a split second. However, by the way you describe the play your "No call" was correct in this matter. I hoped you let the play continue. It is virtually impossible for the runner to anticipate the pitcher deflecting the ball right to the secondbaseman while the runner was in the act of running right to the bag.

I can empathize with the defensive coach. He would much rather have an out than men on 1st and 2nd or worse.

I would have called it the same way. - J.R.

Question:

My son-in-law and I have a disagreement over whether a ball that goes over third base in the air fair but then curves and lands in foul territory out in the outfield is fair or foul. He claims because it went over the base fair, its a fair ball no matter where it lands. He claims it just happened in tonight's Mets game. I say it doesn't matter whether it went over the base in fair territory but where it lands for the first time. I hope I'm right. He's too young to beat me on this. Thanks for your help.   (Bernie from Chelmsford, MA)

Answer:

Sometimes the older you are the wiser you are. On a fly or line drive that goes over fair territory and lands foul, is a foul ball. Conversly if a ball is in foul ground in the air and curves fair and lands in fair territory, fair ball. The only real exception to this rule is when you get a line shot that hits the pitcher's plate and goes foul, this is a foul ball, even though it hit in fair ground. - J.R.

Question:

In a force out situation, if the fielder has the ball in his throwing hand and he touches the bag with his glove, is the runner out?   (John from Maitland, FL)

Answer:

The rules governing the put-out at the bag is slightly different than a tag. To answer your question, YES, the runner is out. - J.R.

Question:

I was watching the Cards-Mets game tonight and I umpire. A ball hits foul territory first and comes back into fair territory. Foul/fair ball? If fair, why is it that a ball that bounces behind the plate (foul territory is called foul even when comes back on top of the plate or in front of it)?   (Ed from Killingworth, CT)

Answer:

Anytime the ball strikes foul ground it is dead. Therefore, the ball even if it bounces into fair ground is not in play. In your play, the ball hit foul ground first, therefore it is dead and no matter where it settles or goes, is not in play. - J.R.

Question:

Where does it state that a pitcher cannot wear white long sleeves? Rule 1.11 is the closest I can tell, but it is vague. I know (and the book states) that a pitcher cannot have a grey or white glove. The batter would have trouble picking up the ball. Is it not true for white sleeves? Thank you.   (Mike from Greensboro, NC)

Answer:

Both NCAA and Federation have rules against white sleeves, NF1-1-5, 6-2-1i, NCAA 1-13d. In the pro rule book this point is not specifically covered. However, you may remove them (white or grey sleeves) from play if, in the umpire's judgement, they are distracting. If you are, however, doing a pro game, do not try this. - J.R.

Question:

What are the responsibilities of a umpire, what are the basic skills needed to be a umpire, what would be good courses for me to take in school if I wanted to be a umpire, and what is the most complex thing about being a umpire?   (James from Monticello, VA)

What is the toughest part of being an umpire? What type of schooling do you need? Do you prefere lefty's or righty's? How do you mentally prepare for a game? How far do most umpires go off the plate to call a strike? Do you consider yourself a pitcher's umpire or a hitter's umpire? If I wanted to become a Major League umpire what schools do I have to go to and what experiance do I need?   (Andrew from Ankeny, IA)

Answer:

Both these E-mails have to do with things on mostly a personal level. They deal with schooling, responsibilites, mental focus, personal preference, etc.

Officiating is about the art of handing people both in good situations and bad. If you wish to become an umpire and you will need to learn how to handle people first. If you want to try to become a professional umpire, there are two schools that train those who aspire. Be advised, the course is about 5 weeks long and no one is guaranteed a slot in the minor leagues. They both have web sites, Jim Evans and Harry Wendelstadt. On a personal note, many try to become an umpire at these schools, few make it.....have a back up plan, like a college education.

You also need to be a student of the game. Learn game situations, and focus as to where you should be when. Knowledge of the rules is a must, but applying those rules is even more important. - J.R.

Question:

How many ways are there that a batter can reach base without hitting the ball and what are they?   (Travis from Stanford, KY)

Answer:

This is more baseball trivia than an umpiring and rules question. But I am game, because I may even learn something.

1. Base hit
2. Walk
3. Error
4. Hit by pitch
5. Intentional walk
6. Drop 3rd strike
7. Fielder's choice
8. Catcher's interference
9. Ground rule double
10. Home run

Question:

I know I have seen many plays in the major leagues where a catcher chases a foul ball, catches it, and tumbles into the dug-out. But according to rule 7.04c, the runners should get to advance one base without liability to be put out. Is this rule enforced or is there another interpretation to this rule?   (David from Lewisville)

Answer:

The runners would get to advance the base provided the player does not fall. I quote from 7.04c: "A fielder or catcher may reach or step into, or go into the dugout with one or both feet to make a catch, and if he holds the ball, the catch shall be allowed. Ball is in play". (My note: runners on base can now tag and advance at own risk.)

"If the fielder or catcher, after having made a legal catch, should fall into a stand or among spectators or into the dugout after making a legal catch, or fall while in the dugout after making a legal catch, the ball is dead and the runners advance one base without liability to be put out." - J.R.

Question:

11u AAU ball, on a foul ball, dead ball the catcher throws the ball to the pitcher and the pitcher tips the ball, and the ball goes in the outfield. Can the runners advance?   (Earl from Fuquay, NC)

Answer:

I can only give you major league, Federation High School, and NCAA rulings on this. Suffice to say, the AAU more than likely takes its code from at least one of these groups.

Once the ball is fouled, the ball is dead until the umpire puts the ball back in play. In order for the ump to put the ball back in play, all base runners must retouch the base they occupy, the pitcher must have the ball and he must be on the rubber ready to pitch. - J.R.

Question:

I have always been told that a pitcher cannot wear white sleeves or a batter's glove or sweat bands etc. while pitching. Can you please tell me where this rule is stated? Thanks.   (Nate from Newnan, GA)

Answer:

OBR 1.15 states that the pitcher cannot wear any foreign material to his glove of a different color. That would cover the batting glove, since it is foreign if it is a different color. Other than that, there is no provision in OBR and NCAA. In federation baseball, see rule 1-1-5, 6-2-1 for the white sleeves. - J.R.

Question:

A badly thrown pitch hits the batter's fingers that were wrapped around the bat as the batter was ducking under the pitch. I called it a foul ball since it is my understanding that the batter's hand is considered part of the bat. Was this the correct call? Where in the rules can I point that this is the correct call? The coach argued that it hit the batter's finger/bat (too close to tell if it hit the finger or the bat first) and should be awarded first base. What if it occured during a bunt and the ball landed in fair territory? Can you help? I want to make sure that I was not incorrect. This was a Little League game.   (Oscar from Webster, TX)

Answer:

Refer to OBR 5.09a and 6.08b for your answer. Please note the lack in those rules of any passage stating that the hands are a part of the bat, they are not part of the bat. If the batter gets wacked inthe hands while getting out of the way of a pitch, ball is dead, he gets first. If he is swinging at the pitch and it hits his hand, ball is dead, and a strike on the batter. If the ball hits his hands while the hands are in the strike zone, ball is dead, strike on the batter.

On the bunt, as you describe in situation #2, the ball is dead once it hits the batter, even if it lands in fair territory. If the batter made an attempt at the ball, ring the strike but the ball is dead. - J.R.

Question:

Batter is up, pitcher throws the ball. Batter hits the ball and lands in fair territory but inside the batter box.Is ball fair or foul? I made this call in a game and call it fair ball. Was I right or not? Could you anser this for me? Thank you.   (Paul from Texarkana, TX)

Answer:

There is a part of the batter's box that is actually in fair territory. If you called the ball that settled in fair territory in that part of the batter's box a fair ball, then you ruled it correctly. - T.W.

Question:

At a high school winter league game there were to strikes on a batter and the batter fouled off the pitch, the ball became lodged between the cather and his chest protector. Is this considered a caught third strike or a foul ball?   (Shane from Simi Valley, CA)

Answer:

This is a foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

Is there such a rule as "Tie goes to the Runner?"   (Bill from Atlanta, GA)

Answer:

There is no such thing as a tie in baseball. A runner is either safe or out, and there is always a winner and a loser. - T.W.

Question:

In a Babe Ruth Senior game, a balk was called ostensibly because the first baseman, while holding a runner, had a foot in foul territory. We have played baseball in three states and I have never heard of such a rule. The umpire claimed it was a Babe Ruth rule and that it is different in high school and pro. I have checked the Babe Ruth book and it is basically the same as OBR concerning balks. Balks are consistently described as something the pitcher does or does not do. On the other hand, there is the mention elsewhere in both OBR and Babe Ruth rules that all defensive players, except the catcher, be in fair territory when the ball is put into play. I would appreciate your considered opinion.   (Mike from Charlottesville, VA)

Answer:

OBR rule 4.03 states all players must be in fair territory other than the catcher when the ball is put into play. If the umpire puts the ball into play and any member of the defense, other than the catcher is in foul ground, the penalty is a balk.

The object of this and most balk rules is to protect the runner from deceptive practices from the defense. - J.R.

Question:

MLB Rules.

1. No runners on base. Pitcher is LH. Pitcher chooses to go from the windup, but his free foot (right) is in front of the rubber, so that the pitcher is semi facing 1st (i.e., his free foot is between his fixed (rubber) foot and home plate). The pitcher's first step with his free foot is toward the 3rd base dugout, he raises his hands over his head, and continues to make the delivery of the pitch as one would from the windup (i.e., pitcher does not come set as if in stretch). Is this a balk and a ball is awarded batter, as the pitcher is really combining the windup and the stretch? By the way, one of the Atlanta Braves relief pitchers does this same move.
2. Runner on 3rd. Pitcher is LH, so back to runner. Pitcher chooses to go from the windup and properly stands facing the batter toeing the rubber with both feet. Normally, from the windup, the free foot (Right) may move backward (i.e., behind the pitchers plate), however, this pitcher's first step with his free foot goes to the third base side of the pitchers plate (directly in line with base) as he rotates his body and begins his windup. Is this a balk ? I think it violates 8.01(a) in that the pitcher is stepping side ways not backward (although one could argue that his back is to 3rd base as he make this step.
3. Kids are age 11, just learning to play MLB rules and sometimes don't do a good job of holding runners on base (i.e., fail to look back). Runner on 2nd, RH pitcher in stretch comes to set position. Pitcher checks runner once, then looks at catcher.. runner takes off for third, defensive players yell "stealing", pitcher makes throw to third by stepping directly to base with foot on rubber. (this move is similar to a pickoff with runner at third). Is this a balk as the pitcher is throwing to an unoccupied base ? I found a ruling for a similar situation but the runner was at first and pitch makes the pivot and throws to second .. not a balk.

Answer:

1. The first thing is that with no runners on base, there is no balk. It is an illegeal pitch. A ball is then awarded to the batter.

   Both feet must start on the rubber in the windup. If both feet are not on the rubber, the pitch is not delivered properly and is therefore illegal pitch.

   I would think if you look closely at the pitcher, part of the non pivot foot is touching the rubber. If not, the theory may be that MLB is not concerned about enforcing a technical rule. They would rather concentrate on other practical matters.

2. By the book, the foot must go directly back from the rubber. In all practicality, the umpires let the pitchers take the foot to a slight angle off to the side, provided he is not purposely trying to deceive the runner. If I judge that he is not deceiving the runner, no balk.

3. You refer to the balk rule 8.05 d. This states a pitcher may not throw to an unoccupied base. One exception to this rule: He may throw to an unoccupied base provided the pitcher is making a play at that base. In your case a play is being made. No balk!

Question:

Pretty simple, but I want to clarify. Batter hits a little pop fly down 3rd base line. It lands in foul territory but because of back spin, it shoots into fair territory. Fair ball, right?   (Jeff from Brazil, IN)

Answer:

If the ball spins back to fair territory BEFORE 3rd base, then yes, it is fair, but after 3rd base, is a foul ball. - T.W.

Question:

An outfielder catches the ball and then falls over the homerun fence. Batter Out? Runers advance? What is the ruling on catches on the fence, i.e. catching while in the air or climbing the fence?   (Gene from Salem, SD)

Answer:

In the case of the catch and falling over the fence, batter is out. Any runners on base move up one base if less than 2 out. (OBR 7.04.) If he is on the fence while catching the ball or in the air or climbing, the catch stands and any runners on base must tag in order to advance unless the fielder falls into the dead ball area, stands or other out of play area. - J.R.

Question:

Runners on first and second with nobody out. Batter strikes out on a wild pitch, umpire does not call batter out. The batter runs to first, and the other runners advanced. The other team made no appeal of the play but the field umpire called the batter out, then called the runner, now on third also out because he said when the batter ran to first, he was illegally on the field so the runner closest to home was called out. Is this the correct ruling, if not what is? Thank you for your help.   (Jim from Frederick, MD)

Answer:

This is not the correct ruling. The batter is out, the rest of the advances by the other runners are considered a steal on the errant pitch. - J.R.

Question:

You answered a question here about 2 runners occupying 2nd base and said the one entitled to the base can stay, the other is out. However, nowhere in the question did it say a tag was applied to anyone. I believe the writer of that question thinks that someone is automatically out if 2 people are on the base. I thought unless one runner passed the other, the runner from first should be allowed to return to first.

I have a scoring question that maybe you can answer assuming that softball and baseball should be similar in this particulr regard: A softball game ended with the visiting team ahead 11-10. That night, the losing coach checked his book and found an error that made the score 10-10. He claims since he is the home team, his book is official. Since the umpire left the field assuming it was over, it probably is and therefore too late to "correct" the scorebooks. I am league commissioner and inclined to say the game stays 11-10. What is right?   (Tom from Herndon, VA)

Answer:

If two runners occupy a base, only one person is entitled to that base. I would think that no matter which level of ball you are playing this kind of snafu can be avoided by proper coaching. The coach should tell someone to retreat or advance. True no tag was made ( an assumption) but once time is called and two runners are on the base, then one runner is out.

You must go to your league policy on this. And as the commissioner the sole responsibility on this issue is yours. This is why it is important for the ump to make sure both books agree. As a general rule, the home book is official. And if he (home book) found the mistake at the field, we can correct it. Once the book leaves the field, then the results become official. Also if the umpire left the field of play no appeals can be made. - J.R.

Question:

I had a dispute with an umpire today regarding Fielding at first base. I am a left-handed first-baseman and have always placed one foot in foul ground when holding a runner at first. I've played first base for over 20 years and have never had an umpire call this. I also recalled reading a rule book which specifically stated that all fielders (not the Catcher) must be located in fair terrirtory except for the first baseman when (holding a runner at first) I cannot find this ruling anywhere but have noticed LH 1st basemen in the big leagues do this. Could you please enlighten me as to what the correct ruling is? Thanks.   (Mike from Grapevine, TX)

Answer:

I would suggest reading OBR 4.03. Only the catcher as you had stated is allowed outside of fair territory. Penalty would be a balk with a man on base. - J.R.

Question:

My son has just started little league. On the field that he plays, there is a sign that reads, "No Pepper on the Fence". What does this mean? I remember a kid seeing this in a semi-pro minor league field, but never really knew what it meant. Thank you in advance for the answer.   (David from League City, TX)

Answer:

The term "pepper" refered to in baseball is a drill used by players to warm up. It involves a small group of players (3-5), with one being the batter. One of the other players lightly tosses the ball to the batter an he lightly hits it back to the group. This routine keeps going for several minutes, then the batter changes places with another player. This drill develops hand-eye coordination. The sign that you saw, prohibits a variation of this drill in which the batter hits the ball into the fence instead of to other fielders. - T.W.

Question:

My question is regarding a balk by a left handed pitcher. Last summer in a game under High school rules, when my team would have a runner on first, the left handed pitcher would turn his body and point his non-pivot foot knee towards second, then throw to first. After the inning, I argued that his motion was deceiving to my runners. The ump's response was that as long as his motion was the same as the one he used to deliver a pitch, and that his entire non-pivot foot doesn't pass behind the back edge of the rubber, it is not a balk. I had been taught and had taught my players to make their break as soon as the pitcher broke his right knee. I know this rule is very complicated but would appreciate it if you could clarify it for me. Also, would the rule where the pitcher must step directly toward a base in a pickoff attempt apply here?   (Seth from Osborne, KS)

Answer:

If I am correct, you are saying his non-pivot foot, the foot that is not touching the rubber, that knee is pointed toward the second baseman. That would mean that that leg is at an angle in relation to the batter. This is at the start of the pitch. It is not a balk so long as he steps to first and throws the ball, removes his pivot foot and throws to first. It is a balk if the non pivot foot breaks the plane of the rubber and throws to first or he does anything that in the judgement of the umpire is attempting to deceive the runner, that also is a balk. A good rule of thumb is if the knees cross then the plane of the rubber has been broken and the pitcher must go to the plate. See Federation Rule 6-1-3, 6-2-1, 6-2-4.

From your description here I see it as a darn good move by the opposing pitcher. - J.R.

Question:

There is a man on first base. The batter hits a ball in the hole to shortstop. The runner on first beats the throw to second for the force. Does the batter get a hit or a fielder's choice?   (Justin from Central Square)

Answer:

Your scenario is incomplete. Is the hit deep in the hole? Did the shortstop drop or boot the ball? Was the throw off line? This is up to the scorer and his judgement. Since an out was not made, their is no fielder's choice. - J.R.

Question:

We had a question on pitching come up this year in 11-12 yr. old Little League majors. We played this team once in reg. season and once in the tournament and faced the same pitcher both times. He would pitch from the windup ok but when we would get a runner on first or second base, he would move towards home plate so that his back foot was about three feet in front of the rubber and he would stand with his back to first base like he was on the rubber. He would look around at the runners then move back until his back foot was on the rubber and proceed with pitching from the stretch position. In the first game the plate umpire (we had patched umpires both times) saw him doing this and told him and his coach that from the strecth he must start with the back foot behind the rubber and he would call a balk everytime he started in the front of the rubber. In the second game our coach questioned the actions of the pitcher the first time we got a runner on base and the umpire said the pitcher could do basically anything he wanted to do because when he stood out there he wasn't in the act of pitching. Who's right, because I think it is an attempt to deceive the runner. Thanks.   (Shane from Princeville, IL)

Answer:

I can only comment using the Official Rules of Baseball. See Rule 8.05i, which states that a pitcher can be charged with a balk if he simulates a pitch while straddling the rubber or off the plate and feints a pitch. Looking in for a signal can be considered, in my opinion, feinting a pitch because he is indeed trying to deceive the runner. - J.R.

Question:

Where is the home team bench ? First base side or 3rd base side? Thanks.   (Chris from Vacaville, CA)

Answer:

The pupose of this site is to answer, elicit discussion about the rules of the game and umpiring. Further, we can and will answer questions with regard to the games of baseball and softball as it pertains to the Official Rules of Baseball, Federation Rules of baseball and Amature Softball Association. Any other rule interpretations may also be quoted here. We are not here to answer questions with regard to rules of scoring, field design and placement of players and stands. - J.R.

Question:

Could you tell me what action is taken when a manager plays a game under protest? Example: bases loaded, batter hits fly ball to outfield which is missed...the umpires are drawn away from their positions and the ball is thrown to third....the umpire calls a force at third even though the player didn't touch the base, but because the umpire was out of position, was unable to see it. The manager plays the rest of the game under protest...What does this mean?   (Bill from Desert Hot Springs, CA)

Answer:

I see we are watching the Anaheim-Boston contest.

When a manager thinks there is a violation of the rules of baseball by the umpire(s) he can state that he is playing the game under protest. This advises the governing body of the league that there is a problem and that the rules of baseball may have been violated or the rule enforcement not correct. See OBR 4.19. As a general rule, the protests are not allowed on judgement calls. - J.R.

Question:

I have a question about catcher's interference. With a runner trying to steal home, the catcher jumps forward towards home plate to catch the pitch (correctly released by the pitcher). The batter does not swing at the ball. The oncoming runner is tagged out, but the offensive team claims that the catcher interfered with the batter, even though the batter did not attempt to swing at the ball. Is this catcher interference? Thanks for your reply!   (Chuck from Bern, CH)

Answer:

By the discription of your play, we do not have interference as defined by OBR 6.08 and the notes with regard to the squeeze play. What we do have is a Balk by OBR 7.07. Ball is dead, award the batter first base and move the runner on third only if forced. - J.R.

Question:

In today's (8-19-00) Yankee game at the Stadium, a runner scored all the way from 2nd base on what was a long fly ball caught in deep left field. It led to a discussion with the friends around me as to the interpetation of the "sacrifice fly" rule. I was positive that the only way a batter is given a "sac. fly" is when the runner from third (or second in this case) scores. Any other advance on a caught fly ball, such as from 2nd to 3rd (or 1st to 2nd) would only be a fly out and a charged time at bat. Although I know I am right, they all insisted that any base advance on a fly ball is a sacrifice fly. Can you please confirm the correct answer and possibly tell me the actual baseball rule number so I may show them? Thanks for your time.   (Josh from Miami, FL)

Answer:

I saw the play, I was at the stadium. This site is not generally used to discuss scoring matters, rather it is used for questions with regard to umpiring, mechanics and rule interpretations. But I will comment on this. See OBR 10.09 for your answer. You are correct, the only time you score the sac fly is when a run scores before two are out. It is not a sac if you just advance the runner up a base. - J.R.

Question:

During a recent game, the following scenario occured and I was wondering if you could provide a ruling: Man on first base. Hitter hits a home run. As the hitter is sprinting around the bases, he passes the runner who was on first. The man who hit the homerun realizes he has passed his teammate and allows him to go ahead. The umpire declared the hitter out and that the runner who was originally on first to go back to first. No runs. One out. Was this the correct ruling? Thanks.   (Josh from Miami, FL)

Answer:

The umpire declared the hitter out which is proper. This is an immediate out. The home run forces the runner on first base home and does take precedence in this case. One out and one run in. - J.R.

Question:

If the ball hits the fence, then the fielder's glove, and goes over the fence, is this a homerun?   (Nicole from Glace Bay, NS)

Answer:

Could be scored as a home run or a 4 base error. - J.R.

Question:

In Major League Baseball, what are the prerequisites that will enable a reliever to get a "save"? Thank you.   (Daryl from Kent, WA)

Answer:

Refer to OBR 10.20. There are 3 requirments.

1. He finished pitching the game.
2. He is not the winning pitcher.
3. He enters the game and either pitches effectively for 3 innings or inherits a lead of 3 runs or less and pitches at least one inning, or enters the game with the potential tying run on base or at bat, one of the first two batsman, or the tying run is in the on deck circle.

Question:

My question is this....there is one out in an inning and there are runners on first and third base. The batter hits a deep fly ball to center field. The runners hold, anticipating that it will be caught. The center fielder catches the ball cleanly, however mistakenly thinks that he just made the third out of the inning. He turns and tosses the ball over the center field wall to a fan in the bleachers above the wall. He then begins to trot back to the dugout, when he realizes his mistake. What happens the the runners in this case? How far can they advance?   (Rudy from Cerritos, CA)

Answer:

One goes home, one goes to third. Two out. - J.R.

Question:

When there is a runner in third base and the pitcher commits a wild pitch and this runner scores, do you credit an RBI to any offense player (the batter for example)? Thank you!   (David from Cayey, PR)

Answer:

The intent of the site is to answer umpiring questions which pertains to rules and thier interpretations, not necessarially scoring questions.

No RBI can be credited in this case, since there is no earned run. An earned run is scored when there is a hit, sacrifice, walk, bunt, etc. - J.R.

Question:

Is there a rule regarding how a catcher removes his/her helmet during a play? My 14 year old daughter during a select softball game was screamed at by an umpire so badly that she was brought to tears and embarrassed in front of dozens of people. My daughter has been catching for several years & always removes her helmet straight back as she's standing. If the ump doesn't get up quickly sometimes they get hit with her helmet. Tonite a ball was fouled straight back as my daughter removed her helmet the ball hit the ump (who wasn't wearing a chest protector) in the shoulder. The ump immediatly started screaming at the top of her lungs that if she wasn't trying to get out of the way of the helmet she wouldn't have been hit by the ball. After everything was over my daughter's coach was ejected and my daughter was threatened with ejection also. After the game the ump apologized for her behavior to both my daughter & myself (too little too late ) so I would like to know if there are rules reguarding the catcher hitting the ump with the helmet. Thank you.   (Denise from St. Louis, MO)

Answer:

There are no rules covering the removal of the helmet by the catcher.

Aside: As an umpire, I can understand the ump's reaction to being hit, this is why they make protective equipment. Umpires should wear their gear for safety. There are those among us that when doing fast pitch softball that don't wear a chest protector and for those of us, we must be ready to bare some pain if the ball is fouled off or the catcher misses it. If the umpire works too close to the catcher, he/she may not get out of the way when the catcher reacts to the ball. Catchers are taught to remove the helmet, locate the ball and then make a play. Umpires are taught to react to the catcher, remove mask, locate ball and react to the play. Sometimes, this can cause problems. I have also seen that umps who work without a chest protector tend to "Hide" behind the catcher instead of working the slot. They cannot see the outside part of the plate. They can also be hit with the catcher's equipment as it comes flying off and can interfere with a catcher trying to field a foul pop. - J.R.

Question:

Bases loaded, one out, batter hits a sac fly with all runners advancing including a run scored from 3rd. An appeal is made at first that the runner left early and he is called out for the third out. Does the run count? Would it make a difference had they just touched first or tagged the runner from first (all after the run had crossed the plate)?   (A.N. from N. Caldwell, NJ)

Answer:

Off the board, since no runs can score on the third out. If the defense tags the runner who is second or on first base and states to the umpires that they are making an appeal, then yes this is a valid live ball appeal. Record the out and take the run off the board. - J.R.

Question:

A fielder jumps up at the fence to catch the ball, makes the catch but falls over the fence with ball in glove, fence doesnt break down. Is it a home run or is batter out?   (E.K. from Hawks, MI)

Answer:

The batter is out since the last territory the fielder touched was fair. Record the out. The ball is now dead since it left the field of play along with a player. Move any runners on base up one base. - J.R.

Question:

Runners on 1st & 2nd. Batter hits a low line drive that is shorthopped by the shortstop. Runner on 2nd thinks ball was caught & does not leave 2nd base. Shortstop runs to 2nd base, tags runner first, then steps on 2nd base , then completes play by throwing to firstbase. Is runner who stayed on second base out even though he was stand on 2nd when he was tagged? I think he is out because he is forced to leave 2nd base when the batter puts the ball into play and it hits the ground. Others feel he cannot be put out while standing on 2nd. Thanks for your help.   (Art from East Windsor, NJ)

Answer:

This is now a force play. The runner on second is forced and must vacate the bag. Even if he thought the ball was caught, it is his responsibility to know the situation, play and any other facts so that he is not caught with his pants down, so to speak. The alert SS tags the runner who must vacate the bag, even if he is on said bag, this is an out, by stepping on the base. That retires the runner forced from first and the throw to first retires the batter runner. 3 outs, inning over, lets play. - J.R.

Question:

Championship game, 7th grade boys, playing under high school rules. Two outs, runners on second and third. Count is full. Pitch is made, umpire calls, "You're out!" Catcher drops the ball, but heads for the dugout, as that was the third out. Batter heads for dugout, too, until first base coach tells him to run to first, which he does. Catcher tries to recover the ball and throws to first, but too late. Umpire calls the batter safe. (This ended up being a pivotal call, as the next batter hit a grand slam. The defending team lost by two runs.)

I have always understood and instructed my players that an umpire's call "changes reality." That is, even if a ball rolls across the plate, if the umpire calls it a strike, it WAS a strike. I'd have no question about the play if the umpire had said, "Strike three!" or "That's three" or even just made the hand signal for a strike. But, by having said "out", that constituted a ruling that the pitch had been fielded properly. What happens after the call should be irrelevant.

Needless to say, there are unhappy players and parents. What can I tell them?   (Carolyn from Eugene, OR)

Answer:

I am sorry to hear that the call was pivotal in the game. It happens. But who knew that the next batter would hit it out of the park. The rule is quite clear that the batter is entitled to try for first base on a dropped third strike, when first is empty or when occupied if there are two outs. The umpire, unfortunately, did not employ proper mechanics that would require him to wait a split second after he made sure the ball was caught and then rule the batter out. That happens, unfortunately. Since the batter did not enter the team area, he can still run to first base. Which he did. Further, even if he called the runner out, by rule the runner is not out even if the umpire said he was. This is, in some ways like the infield fly rule, it is up to the players to know it is in effect, the umps do not have to verbilize it for it to take effect. In the case of the dropped third strike, the coach was on top of it and had the batter run. I am sure there was a disscussion on the play.

Now I can say from experience that there is no one more upset about a kicked call than the umpire. He knows he blew it and he gets chewed out for it by the coach of at least one team and maybe a bunch of players too. But you don't see the umpire chew out a short stop who just threw away a routine grounder that scores 2 runs. Sure, we could tell the coach and the player that he kicked it, but he knows and feels very badly and his mistake can cost the game. Usually an umpire's call will not affect the game in a dramatic fashion.

Tell the kids that they played well, have nothing to be ashamed of and that the umpire is human too. - J.R.

Question:

There is a discrepancy on the MLB rules between a few of us... On a double play does the pivot man (specifically short stop) have to touch second base while having possession of the ball or is it allowable for him to sweep within two feet of second base to make a force out and then turn the double play?   (Chad from Newberg, OR)

Answer:

You are referring to the "Area" rule. This is an unwritten rule that has made its way into umpiring over the years. There is no discrepency in the rule book. It is quite clear. You MUST touch the bag in order to get the out, that is the BOOK rule. Over time, some umpires have amended that rule in a way that is "Not by the book." What has been done is that if the shortstop shows complete control of the ball, sweeps the foot in the "General" area of 2nd base, the out is made and he is out of the way as the runner comes sliding or otherwise charging in. - J.R.

Question:

Can batting gloves be worn under catching gloves?   (Trace from Greenville, SC)                                                                    

Answer:

No restriction...yes they can. - J.R.

Question:

This is a true situation from a Knothole (similar to Little League) game:

Bases loaded, one out. Batter hits the ball to the second baseman who attempts to tag the runner going from first to second. The runner runs out of the baseline and is called out immediately by the field umpire. The second baseman then throws the ball to first to complete the double play. The offensive team claimed the runners on second and third scored. The defensive team claimed that neither run should count as the third out was a force of the batter at first base. The play was a continuous action play that took less than ten seconds to complete.

The umpires let the runs stand. Were they right?   (Robin from Cincinnati, OH)

Answer:

The umps were wrong. No runs count. - J.R.

Question:

I am the scorekeeper for my daughter's softball team. Would you please clarify in what circumstances are runs unearned? Thank you.   (Karen from Napa, CA)

Answer:

While this forum is designed to answer rule interpretation and rule question, score keeping is beyond the intended purpose. However, think in terms of errors. A run is unearned on any error or passed ball. - J.R.

Question:

A batted ball hit to 2nd baseman, he is moving toward 1st and overruns the ball, he sticks out his right foot and stops the ball with his foot. What is the call?   (Dirk from Belpre, OH)

Answer:

The only call I have is "Ouch!" There is nothing in the rules that says you cannot block the ball with your body. Play on. - J.R.

Question:

1. There is a runner at first, the ball is hit at the shortstop and the team on defense attempts a double play. The player running from first raises his hands as he is running. Is this considered interference?

2. A ball is hit in the air, just before first base but in foul territory, the first baseman attempts to catch the ball, but the ball is deflected by the first baseman into fair territory (ball hits the ground in fair territory). Is the ball considered fair?   (Louie from Montreal, QB)

Answer:

1. If the double play was completed, no interference is ruled. If in the umpire's judgement, the arm waving affected the play, you can rule interference and record the out at first base.

2. The position of the ball governs fair or foul. Hence the ball was touched in foul territory, it is a foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

In my Amer. Legion Junior (17-18) Area baseball tournament I was called for a pitching violation that I never knew existed and still think is wrong. I am right-handed and in my windup as well as stretch, my toe (about 3") is in front of but in contact with the rubber. The remainder of my foot is towards the first base side of the rubber, but not touching. The umpire told me my ENTIRE foot has to be in front of the rubber. So in turn, a person who would happen to have feet longer than the rubber could not pitch because part of his foot no matter how he/she tried, would extend over the the edge of the rubber. As a side note, both my brother and grandfather recalled that David Cone does what I do in having only his toe in front of the rubber rather than his ENTIRE foot. The umpire in my game said it would be an illegeal pitch. What is the correct call?   (Jesse from White Clay, NE)

Answer:

OBR 8.01a covers the windup and 8.01b covers the set position for pitching. In both the entire foot on or in front of and not extending off of the sides of the rubber. By rule, the umpire is correct. Now remember the rubber is 24" long so if your foot or anybody else's is larger than 2 feet, only then will he stick off the ends. - J.R.

Question:

No outs, runners on 2nd and 3rd. Batter hits fly ball to the outfield. The center fielder has the ball bounce off his mitt back into the air. Runners immediately take off around the bases. The left fielder then dives and catches the ball before it hits the ground. He throws to second where the base is tagged and then the throw goes to third where the base is tagged. Is this a triple play or are the runners allowed to leave when the ball is first touched by the center fielder?   (Kevin from Seattle, WA)

Answer:

This is not a triple play. The runners can leave at first touch. - J.R.

Question:

American Legion Game, one out, runners at second and third. Hit ground ball to pitcher, runner at third breaks for home, pitcher throws to catcher and runner is in run down. Runner at second advances to third. Runner running back to third reaches third safely at about the same time as the second base runner reaches third. (i.e., both runners on third base at same time.) Defense tags front runner returning to base but he reaches the base before the tag. The runner that came from second base is never tagged. The leading runner, thinking he is out, leaves the base and enters dugout. My call was the lead runner is out for leaving the field. Am I correct?

What if the defense tagged the following or both runners and then the lead runner leaves the field? Is this a double play? Thanks for your input.   (Mike from Auburn, ME)

Answer:

The rule is that the person entitled to the base is the one that is not out. In your play the runner that returned to third is entitled to the bag and the runner from second would have to go back, though he would be at risk of being put out. Since the runner left the bag and returned to the dugout, he has abandoned his base and is therefore out. The runner from second who is now on can stay.

Second part: Since the lead was safe at third and they tagged the following runner, he would be out, since he does not belong there. Situation would be, runner on third, two out. Once you call a player out for abandoning a base, to me that would be a "Time" situation. In this way you could explain it to the coach. - J.R.

Question:

A line up is turned in, players listed and numbers properly assigned. A player is assigned the number one, but instead of the number being sewn or pressed on like his teammates he has a piece of white tape on his back depicting the number one. He has an offical time at bat with his taped number one on his back. During his second at bat he comes to the plate with no number on his jersey, the tape apprently fell off. I as the opposing manager let him bat, he walks. I take the issue up with the home plate umpire that the batter-runner without a number is an illegal batter in the line up. What is the correct ruling?   (Steve from San Antonio, TX)

Answer:

From the way it sounds this is a form of youth ball. OBR 1.11 governs the uniform and it states it shall have a number at least 6" on the back. However, if during the course of play the uniform gets damaged and the number comes off, the player met the intent of the rule at the start of the game. Also, let's say he got blood on his uniform and could no longer play in that shirt. He only could get a jersey with no number on it, is this fair to penalize him because of an injury? I would say no.

We base the line-ups on names, not necessarily on the number as well.

You do not have an illegal batter in the scenario that you describe. - J.R.

Question:

With one ball and two strikes on the batter, the runner on first base attempts to steal. The pitch is swung on and missed and the batter interferes with the catcher's throw to second. Who should be called out on this play? The batter, the runner, or both?   (Tic from Bryant, AR)

Answer:

What we have here is a retired player interfering with a play. The batter was retired on the strike 3 call. He then interferes with the throw to retire the runner. Since the batter was out, you now must call the runner out also due to the intereference. Hence, 2 outs.

Note of caution here, as an umpire I must be absolutely sure the batter intentionally and willfully interfered with this play. If the back swing hits the catcher (follow through), this is not interference. - J.R.

Question:

Bases loaded. Pitcher assumes the windup position. Suddenly he steps toward first base and throws over for a clean pick. Everyone around my Babe Ruth league says this is a balk, because the pitcher supposedly has to step backwards off the rubber first. But rule 8.01(a) allows the pitcher in the windup to "step and throw to a base." Backing off is a different option, given at 8.01(c). Am I crazy, or is everyone else?   (Craig from Portland, OR)

Answer:

You are not crazy, they are. It is not a balk, it is a legit move provided the pitcher steps to the bag and throws. It is also not a balk if he removes himself from the rubber and throws as well, provided he steps off with the pivot foot first. - J.R.

Question:

This pertains to a 13-year old boys' suburban league. The visiting team was ahead 11 to 3 at the bottom of five innings of a 7-inning game. Each team has a volunteer parent acting as scorekeeper (SK). Both scorekeepers sit in their respective teams' spectator areas behind the dugout. The umpire asked the visiting SK, the mother of one of the players, to go over to the home team SK and check her book to make sure that both agreed. The visiting SK felt that it would embarrass the home team to do this since they were ahead by 8 runs and it would look like she was "rubbing it in." The ump insisted. The visiting SK answered, in almost a whisper, "I'm sorry, I can't do that." The ump then announced that he was ejecting her for "insubordination and incompetence" and insisted that she leave the spectator area, telling her that if she refused to leave, the visiting team would forfeit. He then told her that she could stay within the park but not near the field, but could return to the field after the game to pick up her son. He then took her book and handed it to a visiting coach, telling him to do the same. The coach complied. The books agreed. Was the ump correct in ejecting this mom and forcing her to leave the area? Can an ump eject for "incompetence"?   (Mike from Baltimore, MD)

Answer:

While I sympathize with the score keeper and her concern, the umpire has juristiction over the field from the time he/she arrives. In short, the umpire can do almost anything he wants within the scope of the rules and game management. He can, in fact order spectators off and out, have the police called to do so, and forfeit any game in favor of the offended team, should situation warrant.

The score keeper is part of the game and has the right to sit in the team area. They are subject to the same rules of the game as any player, spectator or officer of the game. In what you describe she was ejected from the game for refusing a request by the umpire to verify the score so that both books agree. There is nothing more embarrasing to the ump than to find out that the books do not agree, esp. in a one run ball game and you have to finish it at a later date because it is tied. Or you lose it because the home book is "Official." Trust me on this, it has happened.

The umpire could have gone over to the other team and made the same request too after the score keeper voiced her concern. I applaude her for her consideration and sportsmanship. In my opinion that should be rewarded by having the umpire, after her concern was made known as not to entice the other team by asking the other team to go over the books. Then again, the SK's should meet each other at the end of every inning to verify without any request for the game official. - J.R.

Question:

Bases loaded, no outs. Batter swings and hits a short infield fly to the right of the pitcher. No player can get to the ball with ordinary effort and the first baseman dives and misses the ball. By this time the pitcher gets there, picks up the ball throws home, third and second for a triple play. No infield fly call, play stands?

The rule says to call the infield fly immediately, but in all fairness to everyone it isn't that simple. What if the infield player loses site of the ball or winds make it more that an ordinary effort. Just because the ball is popped into the infield with 1st and 2nd and less that two outs does not necessarily justify an infield fly call.   (Ethan from Carlisle, PA)

Answer:

The infield fly is called when the ball reaches the apex of the arc, not immediately. One must wait so you can see what the fielders do and if they have time to get under it. The rule states reasonable and ordinary effort and that is up to the umpire. Rule of thumb, if the player is under the ball, call the infield fly.

In your play, the umpire thought that with reasonable and ordinary effort the ball would not have been caught, therefore the runners must do something. They are at risk. The outs stand. Triple play! - J.R.

Question:

In Babe Ruth baseball, a balk was called on a left-handed pitcher who when pitching from the stretch, had positioned his left foot along the front edge of the pitcher's plate, but the tip of his toe was an inch beyond the perpendicular edge of the pitcher's plate;the rest of his foot was touching the long side of the pitcher's plate. The umpire, when questioned, went to 8.01(b) which states "with his entire pivot foot on or in front of , and in contact with, and not off the end of the pitcher's plate...". Was the call correct, i.e., does the pitcher's entire foot need to be within the bounds set by the two short sides of the plate, while touching the front edge of the plate? Thanks.   (Rick from Appleton, WI)

Answer:

By the rule, yes. The plate is 24" long and if any part of the foot is outside those 24" a balk can be ruled. In practicality, 1" to me anyway at 60 feet away, I am not going to see it, especially if I am the plate umpire. I need to concentrate on the hands and the pitch. As the base umpire, as long as the pitcher is not trying to decive the runner, I have nothing. Before I make a call like that I would at least go to the mound and warn the pitcher. - J.R.

Question:

A runner on first, no out. The batter gets a hit and tries to score, but passes the first runner between third and home touching the plate before the first runner. The catcher tags the first runner, who has still not touched home plate. Isn't the batter out automatically when he passes the first runner, and then the first runner out on the tag, for two outs?   (Paul from W. Harrison, NY)

Answer:

As soon as the 2nd runner passes the first, the second runner is out. The tag on the first runner retires him. You have two outs. The coach may say something to you like, "isn't the ball dead?" It is not. - J.R.

Question:

I recently had a disagreement with a friend about the pitcher staying in contact with the rubber to deliver a pitch. We read the rules and I thought it was clear that the pitcher had to be in contact to throw a pitch and he thought that there was nothing in the rules that stated that. Can you clarify the rules, does a pitcher have to have his foot in contact with the rubber to deliver a legal pitch? Thank you for your help.   (Brian from Stockbridge, GA)

Answer:

OBR 8.01 defines the pitching regulations. In the windup and set position one foot must be on the rubber the other foot off. - J.R.

Question:

What is the ruling regarding foreign objects on the playing field, and any possible interference? The Major League rulebook does not state any specific reference. Example: a fielder attempts to field a batted ball that gets caught in a plastic bag that has blown onto the field. Is it a ground rule double, umpire's discretion, or tough luck on the fielder?   (Jim from E. Islip, NY)

Answer:

According to the NAPBL Umpire Manual the only reference I found was a ball striking a bird or animal and I would extend this to your play as well. Ball is alive and in play. Tough luck on the fielder. - J.R.

Question:

My question is about the positioning of a RH throwing first baseman (with a runner on first) in Babe Ruth Baseball (13-15). I know many 1B position themselves with their right foot on the front edge of the base with their glove hand extended toward the pitcher and then spring into their fielding position on the pitch to home. Other 1B more or less straddle the bag with their right foot actually in foul territory and also spring into fielding position on the pitch home. My question is: Is it legal for a 1B to stand approx 6-12 inches off the bag toward 2B to hold the runner on? I've noticed the NY Mets usually position their 1B in this manner and I'm thinking about having my 1B do the same, but I don't want to run the risk of having an obstruction call made. It just seems to me that the 1B can receive a pick-off throw just as quickly this way and at the same time, be in a better position to field his position and also cut down the amount of the base the runner has to dive back into. Thanks for your help!   (Ernie from Hazel Green, AL)

Answer:

This is more of a "Coaching" question rather than a rules question. I will state that I am not a coach nor do I dispense coaching advice. As far as the rule goes for obstructing the bag, the baseman must give the runner something to shoot for. In other words, he cannot block the bag without the ball. As long as the runner has a fair shot to the bag, no umpire should call the obstruction of the bag. The key word here is "Should." - J.R.

Question:

Runner at first with no outs. Inside pitch to batter and runner at first steals second. On the throw down to second, catcher literaly collides into batter and throw goes wild. Even though batter was in box doesn't he still have to make some sort of effort to give the catcher a chance to throw? I did call the batter out for interference and sent the runner back to first, as I felt no attempt was made to get out of the way. In asking fellow umpires they felt the batter was in the box so no interference should have been called. This is American Legion Baseball.   (Larry from Gering, NE)

Answer:

For the interference on the batter, there must be intent on his part to interfere with the throw. The batter does not have to step out of the box on a play like this, nor can the batter "Lean" or do anything to hinder the catcher. This is a judgement call. By the batter staying put, making no effort to move one way or the other, this is not interference, this is good baseball. - J.R.

Question:

In recent tournament Mustang division tied game, we had bases loaded, no outs, we (the visiting team) had a ground ball hit to our shortstop. The runner from second stepped on the shortstop's glove after the ball was caught thus delaying the throw to home for the force play, umpires then ruled the runner safe at home and the game was over. Is there interference on this play? Is the second base runner out and the third base runner out secondary to interference? And if the play could have been made at home, would it have been a force or a tag out or interference out?   (HK from Glenwood)

Answer:

Interesting play, I have never seen anything like it in my 10 years of umpiring. The rule states that the runner must yield to the fielder making the play. Further, a double play can be called if the runner intentionally interferes on the back end of a double play, the batter/runner could be called out as well. Let's look at your play.

The stepping on the glove by the runner as he is passing by could be called interference. If the ump had called it, we have an immediate dead ball, the runner from second is out, the batter will take first base and the runner at third returns to the bag, one out bases loaded. - J.R.

Question:

Hope you can clear up this ruling. During a slow pitch softball game, a right hand batter swings hard at an outside pitch and makes contact with the ball at the top of the bat. The ball lands on the ground, in foul territory, about a third up the first base line. Because of the way the batter struck the ball, it spins, causing the ball to cross the first base foul line and enter fair territory, about 10 feet from the first base bag. The first baseman picks the ball up while standing in fair territory and steps on the bag to make the out. The ump calls a foul ball. I say it's a fair ball. Who's right?   (Jerry from Stockton, NJ)

Answer:

Wrong call by Mr. Ump. He better buy you the next round. It is a FAIR ball. - J.R.

Question:

Bases loaded no one out. Field umpire is positioned behind and to the right of pitcher's mound. Batter hits a ground ball which passes by pitcher and strikes the umpire. What's the call? Thanks.   (Jerry from Oxford, KS)

Answer:

This is umpire interference, no infielder had been given an opportunity to field the ball. Ball is dead, batter gets first base, all runners move up one base if forced. - J.R.

Question:

What does it mean when a ball "lands" foul?

A baseball is about 3 inches in width. A baseball could land in foul territory, 1" from fair territory and still have 1/2" of the ball over-hanging the foul line which is in fair territory. Is the ball considered to be fair or foul?

Place a ball 1" from foul line and stand over it and then look down at it. You'll see 1/2" overhanging the foul line which is in fair territory.

Now if that same ball "landed" 1" from the foul pole, it would hit the foul pole and obviously be a fair ball since there would not be any ground to stop the ball and it would never really "land", i.e., it would keep on flying until that 1/2" overhang actually hit the pole.

It seems ovbious that a ball 1" from the foul pole, which is in fair territory, is a fair ball. Can we conclude that a baseball actually on the ground, in the same position, 1" from fair territory is a fair ball?

Is there any rule number to quote for this is there?   (Abigail from NYC)

Answer:

Splitting hairs here I think. Look at OBR 2.00 definition. Look at the one specifically for a Foul ball that will give you the answer.

Now looking at the ball in flight, from behind as it hits the ground 300' away from you, is that one half of an inch going to be visible? You do not look at a ball, in most cases, down the line from above. You look at it from behind as it travels. Now let's look at the chalk on the ground. While the overhang of the ball (the one half inch) is not directly in contact with the line to kick up chalk, the shock wave generated by the ball pushing the air out of the way in front of it will cause the chalk to "Puff." This then is a fair ball in those stadiums with grass, however since astro-turff has paint, in those stadiums it is not. Go figure. - J.R.

Question:

When the opposing team has a runner on 3rd base, is it legal for left fielder to come to back up the catcher so that if the catcher misses the ball and the 3rd base runner tries to steal home, that the left fielder will retrieve the ball and toss it to the catcher which will stay on home plate. And this team only does this when the runner is on 3rd base. Then after the runner scores/or is put out, the "back up catcher" returns back to her position in left field. This is girls age 13-15 fastpitch softball, ASA rules apply.   (Sherry from Cheney, KS)

Answer:

This is legal provided that the left fielder started the play in fair territory. Play being defined at the time of the pitch.

What I have seen is that the catcher will snap throw to third with the shortstop covering. The left fielder is responsible for the back up of the over throw. - J.R.

Question:

At the High School level, College and Pro level the distance of the pitcher's mound of 60'6" is in effect. What is the height requirement of the mound in each of these leagues?   (Michael from Paw Paw)

Answer:

The distance of 60'-6" was in reality an accident in the early days of baseball, believe it or not. Anyway, the height in all codes is the same, OBR 1.04 and Fed. 1-2, state 10 inches from the top of home plate to the top of the pitcher's plate. - J.R.

Question:

Line drive hits the pitching rubber never hitting the ground and is caught by the catcher in foul terriorty. Is the ball foul and is the batter out?   (Johnny from Manassas, VA)

Answer:

Foul ball! Batter is not out. - J.R.

Question:

This may be a stupid question but I have to ask it to prove to our all-star coach he is mistaken...he calls the in-field fly rule on a foul ball hit by the batter...I know the rule is there to stop balls from being dropped on purpose to turn a double play. But foul balls are foul balls. If I am wrong please let me know. Thank you.   (Brad from Centerpoint, IN)

Answer:

The infield fly can only be a fair ball. The proper umpire mechanic is "Infield fly, batter is out, IF FAIR." - T.W.

Question:

What is the ruling on a throw (assist) from D1,2,4,5,or 6 that is not sucessfully handled by D3 and

1. is touched by D3 and hits the coach
   1. in the coach's box
   2. not in the coach's box
2. is not touched by D3 and hits the coach
   1. in the coach's box
   2. not in the coach's box

On a play at the plate D2 does not tag the runner nor does the runner tag the plate. What should the Umpire do?   (S.D. from Atlanta, GA)

Answer:

If after it hits the first baseman and then touches the coach who is NOT trying to interfere (with intent) with the play, the ball is alive, no matter where the coach is.

On a play at the plate like you describe, the umpire should do nothing but wait. Make no call. The players will soon realize that no tag was made and the plate was not touched. And then a scramble will ensue. - J.R.

Question:

Where in the rule book do you find out about a runner leaving too early from a base on a caught pop fly? In other words, I had a runner leave before the ball was caught after the ball was brought back to the infield. The ball was appealed to the base where the runner was at before the next pitch was thrown. I called the runner out for leaving too early which I know is the right call but I cant find it in the rule book. One of the coaches wants me to point out where it says in the rules that a runner must wait till the ball is caught before he advances and if he leaves too early and it is appealled before the next pitch the runner is out. Can you help me out here. I'm in a jam and they would like to see a answer tomorrow. I could sure use some help here.   (Mike from Lawson, MO)

Answer:

Look in the Official Rules of Baseball at Rule 7.00, this covers the runner. More specifically, 7.10 covers the tag-up. - J.R.

Question:

To settle an argument. Per major league rules, can a batter with a 3 balls and 0 strikes...or any count at all, as long as he has started his at bat, be pinch hit for? Having been no injury, rain delay or pitching change? Just an in-the-middle of an at bat pinch hit. Thanks.   (Don from Oakdale, CT)

Answer:

Yes he can. The new batter will assume the count. - J.R.

Question:

In Babe Ruth Baseball, are the players required to run onto the field? If they do not, are they subject to ejection from the game?   (Randy from Hornell, NY)

Answer:

I can only comment on the Official Rules of Baseball since I do not have the Babe Ruth book. As far as I know though, the rules are basically the same.

Hustle onto and off the field is good game management. The game must move and this is one way to keep things moving. However, I do not believe there is a specific rule to govern this and any penalty. In baseball the pitcher has 5 warm-ups from the mound after the change of the inning or half, no set time. In ASA softball, there is a 1 min time for the teams to change and that time starts after the third out is made. The only way I get an ejection on this is if I tell the teams to hustle in and out and I get some lip service back. But that back talk has to be loud, blatant, offending, foul language and a few other things because this has nothing to do with a play and would be over officious of me in this case. - J.R.

Question:

Can a pitcher go play another position, then return to the mound? For example, the pitcher retires the first batter, then goes plays second base, can he then return to the mound?   (Murray from San Jose, CA)

Answer:

In Federation (High School) ball, this is allowed. Not allowed in games under OBR unless the league has something specific. - J.R.

Question:

I have questions involving two situations regarding the balk rule.

The first situation is as follows: The runner is on second base. The pitcher comes set and then attempts a pickoff at second base. The pitcher, second baseman, and shortstop get their signals crossed, no one covers second and the pitcher throws the ball into center field. The play is backed up by the center fielder, so the runner does not advance. The plate umpire calls a balk because the pitcher threw to an "unoccupied base". Is this a balk? Why? Rule 8.05 does not define unoccupied base. Does it mean unoccupied by a runner? A fielder? If it means fielder how close does the fielder have to be to the base?

The second situation is as follows: With one out and a runner on first the pitcher strikes out the batter. The catcher, forgetting he has a runner at first base, throws down to the third baseman to throw the ball around. When this occurs the umpire calls a balk because the catcher threw to an unoccupied base. When it was pointed out to him that the balk rule only refers to pitchers the umpire claimed there was such a thing as a catcher's balk and we had just seen it. I can find no such rule in the rule book. Was this a balk?   (Tim from Oceanside, CA)

Answer:

Question 1: The umpire was incorrect in his ruling as I read the rule. If the runner was at second base and taking a lead off the base, he is considered to occupy that base. Just because the defense screwed things up does not make it a balk in this case. The ball should have remained alive and play it from there.

Question 2: The throw by the catcher to third base after a strike out to "throw around the horn" with a runner on first shows how much his head is in the game. This is not a balk by the catcher. The pitch is over and done with, no balk can occur. A catcher's balk is committed when the catcher leaves the catcher's box before the pitcher pitches the ball. Example: intentional walk is being given to the batter with a runner on. The catcher signals for the pitch outside and before it is delivered, he steps outside the box. Or another example is the squeeze play. The catcher upon hearing the runner approaching jumps in front of the plate to get the pitch and tag the runner out. He has moved from his box. This latter play can also be considered interference by the catcher. - J.R.

Question:

In reference to a batter being hit by a pitch, the hands are not "part of the bat". Are they? Thanks.   (Alan from Cincinnati, OH)

Answer:

Nope, the hands are not part of the bat. - J.R.

Question:

This started as a joke in a "stump the ump" contest, and like Topsy, has grown.

We are playing OBR. Man on first; one out. Second baseman fields ball behind second and stumbles, dives for the bag, and touches bag with ball an eyelash before runner hits the base.

Now, everybody in the place figures the runner is out, I want to call him out, and do. The manager from the offensive team comes out and merely asks for the definition of a tag, points out that the tag involves touching the bag with some part of the body, not the ball, and protests the game.

Mr. Commissioner, how do you rule? Oh, yes, and why?   (Ed from Renton, WA)

Answer:

As umpires, we like outs. Game gets over faster, we go home and get cool especially on a very hot and humid day. The manager would lose the protest under OBR 2.00 the definitions of the terms of baseball. It reads, "A TAG is the action of a fielder in touching a base with his body while holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove, or touching a runner with the ball, or with his hand or glove holding the ball, while holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove."

Since the fielder had the ball securely in his grasp while touching the base with the ball before the runner got to the bag, I have an out. - J.R.

Question:

At a recent baseball tournament for our youth, the umpire called a "foul ball", causing the defensive team to halt their approach to the ball. Then the umpire called the ball "fair", and the runner on third base crossed home plate before the defensive team could react. Many spectators, and players complained that he had called a foul, and could not change the call after the announcment. I talked to the umpire after the game and he said he made a mistake but there was nothing he could have done at the time to change it. He kept telling me that the runner would have scored anyway, but that was irrelevant to the play, and he could not have possibly known that the runner would have scored if the defensive team had played it out as if it were a fair ball. My question is, shouldn't he have made the runner return to third, and played the pitch over. There was already two strikes on the batter, so the pitch count would not have changed. He was unresponsive after the game when I brought the question to him.   (Allen from Gilman City, MO)

Answer:

The ultimate goal of any umpire is to get every call right. Needless to say, we don't always. Even the pros mess it up once in a while. If a call is blown and it is judgement that is in question, the call will not be reversed. If it is a rule question, that is a correctable situation and must be corrected at that time.

The foul call is a judgement call and he should have stuck by it. By reversing the call he did indeed put the defense at a disadvange. Even though he changed his call mid stream, the ball is alive and we play it. There is no such thing as making the ball dead and doing a "Do over."

Hope this helps. - J.R.

Question:

In a recent baseball game of 13 to 15 year olds...I was behind the plate...a runner was coming from third and a throw coming in from the outfield...I broke to my left to set up for a play at home as I have done hundreds of times...the ball came in to my left, and to my surprise I was ran over by the catcher...the defense wanted interference, but I ruled a no call...the rule book is not really specific in this area...what's your call...thanks.   (Terry from Ness City, KS)

Answer:

In your play you did not mention from which field the throw was coming, left right or center. This will affect your position on the first base line extended or, for those daring enough, to move over into fair territory in front of the plate. You need to read the throw and adjust as the players and ball move. This way you get to the best position possible, which is not necessarily the best possible position.

Any way, if you check the OBR you will note that most interference calls involve the ball before it passes an infielder, the umpire hindering the catcher on his attempt to retire a runner (see 5.09b & f, 6.08d, 6.09c and 7.04b). Nothing is said of the physical presence of the umpire. We are the field, so to speak. You made the right call, which was none. Ball is in play. - J.R.

Question:

I have a 11 yr old boy that was selected for all-star league, the coach during a practice advised us that a foul ball could be called a in field fly, when bases were loaded and no outs so at the time of practice he called the batter out on the in field fly rule but it was foul... I did not think this was fact, could you please tell me.. could a foul ball also be called an out on the in field fly? I thought that rule was to prevent a player from dropping the ball and turning a double play.   (Suzie from Centerpoint, IN)

Answer:

This is why coaches coach and umpire's umpire! Most coaches know how to motivate the kids and teach skills, unfortunately they know little of the rules or umpire mechanics.

The infield fly rule is one of the oldest rules in the book. It is indeed to prevent a double play. And the infield fly is not in effect if it is a foul ball. The proper mechanic for the umpire when the ball is near the foul line is to say, "Infield fly, if fair." If it lands untouched or dropped by a player, it is simply a foul ball. If caught, it is an out. - J.R.

Question:

In senior Babe Ruth baseball if a player is ejected from a game is the player permitted to play in the next game?   (Brian from Pottsville, PA)

Answer:

If the league has its own rule regarding this, then yes he must sit. - J.R.

Question:

Runner on third, 3-2 count on the batter, runner breaks for home and arrrives safely slightly before the pitch which is strike 3. Does the run count and what rule covers this play? Thanks for the help.   (Dick from Exton, PA)

Answer:

This is a steal of home. Since he got there before the third out, count the run... strike three, batter out. - J.R.

Question:

Runners at 2nd at 3rd and 2 outs. Batters hits line drive hit to left field. The batter runs half-way to 1st base, stops and begins to return to the 3rd base dugout to celebrate with teammates. Batter, recognizing he had not touched 1st base, runs from 3rd base line to 1st base. He touches 1st base before the throw from the outfield reaches 1st. Is batter out for running outside the baseline? Does run score?   (Jeff from Salisbury, MD)

Answer:

My first comment on this play is that I have yet to see it. The only thing I can see is that this had to be the bottom of the last inning and that must have been the alleged game winning hit. No matter, look at OBR 7.08a. In this case running out of the baseline could be used to rule the runner out. However, I feel that the runner is abandoning his attempt to go to the next base, that being first. Also if he is going to the third base side, this must be the visiting team to his dugout. Using this interp. runner is out, no runs... game over, inning over.

If you want to strictly interpret the rule, he has to get to the team area. Once he has done that he is out. But at anytime he can try for first. Since he made the bag, under this scenario, count the run, runner at first, 2 out.

Good judgement must be used here. - J.R.

Question:

11 and 12 yr olds, 1 out 1 ball 1 strike on the batter, bases loaded. Batter swings at the next pitch and the ball hits him on the hands. I know the hands are part of the bat. The ball goes into fair territory the pitcher picks the ball up and tags home plate. The umpire calls the runner out on a force and a strike on the batter. My understanding is the ball should have been a strike but the ball should have been dead since it hit the batter. Is this call correct?   (Joe from Mt. Zion, IL)

Answer:

The hands being part of the bat is an untrue statement. They are not part of the bat. The play should have been ruled a dead ball, since the ball did strike the batter. And since the batter swung at the pitch, it is a strike (OBR 6.08b). Proper ruling is dead ball, strike 2 and put the runner back on third. - J.R.

Question:

I wonder if you could define a call for me on a bunted foul ball. I can't seem to find a reference to this anywhere in the rules. A batter leads off the inning with a bunt attempt and fouls the ball back to the catcher. (First pitch, no strikes) What determines if this is a foul tip or a foul fly ball and the batter is out. If this is covered anywhere in the rule book, could you please site where. Looking forward to your comments on this.   (Gary from Spotswood, NJ)

Answer:

See OBR 2.00, Foul tip. Paraphrase here... a ball that goes sharp and direct to the catcher's hands and is legally caught. Also OBR 2.00 Fly ball, a ball that reaches high into the air.

The ball that goes directly to the glove is the determining factor here. - J.R.

Question:

Hello, this occured in a game tonight (11 year olds).The situation is this. Runner on third (sorry don't remember how many are out). Catcher catches third strike IN MIT with mit on the ground. Opposing bench, thinking ball is in dirt, tells batter to run. Catcher stands up to make throw and while doing this drops ball, picks it up and throws to first where runner is called out but in the meantime runner on third scores. We protest that batter should have been out immediately but umpire says it is a dropped third strike anytime the catcher drops the ball. What is the call and what defines a dropped third strike or any pitch for that matter? I thought once a third strike is caught the batter is immediately out?   (Frank from Sylvania, OH)

Answer:

Let's look at the legal definition of a catch. What umpires look for are two things. 1.) Control and 2.) Voluntary release of the ball. Case in point, fly ball that hits glove and falls to the ground is a no brainer. However, a fly that is in the glove and the fielder reaches in to grasp the ball to make a throw drops the ball. This is a catch. One must learn to separate the elements into two distinctive actions, the act of catching and the act of throwing.

Next we have judgement. If the ball was caught in the dirt on strike 3 (OBR 6.05b), it is caught. If the umpire sees dirt fly and is screened from the play, oh well... it happens. The runner will run and in some cases has bought first base. If he is working with a partner, the partner can kill the play if he sees a legal catch.

Now let's look at this play another way. Since you do not know the outs makes it rather difficult in one sense. With less than two out, the runner at third could be "Stealing" home. Count the run. If two are out and the out is recorded at first on the dropped third strike, even if the runner on third touched the plate before the out was recorded, the run does not count (OBR 4.09)

Hope this helps. - J.R.

Question:

Major League Baseball. Bases loaded and two outs. Batter hits a ground ball back to the pitcher. Pitcher throws home to force the runner coming from third. The throw was too late and the runner slides home and is called safe. The catcher then throws to first to get the batter/runner and hits him in the back while the runner is in fair territory outside the 45 foot running box. Runner is called out for interference. Does the run count and if so where is it covered in the rule book?   (Dennis from Sheffield Lake, OH)

Answer:

OBR 4.09, this is a force play. No runs can score on a force play, even with the interference in this case. - J.R.

Question:

ASA softball game, batter hits fly ball to centerfield, batter thinking ball will be caught heads to dugout. About five feet from dugout batter realizes fielder drops ball batter then attempts to go to first base but is called out by the umpire for being out of the baseline. Could you please give me the correct ruling on this play?   (Al from Laurinburg, NC)

Answer:

ASA rule 8 section 2, D will give you the answer. In brief, the batter/runner would be called out if he entered his team area on this. The team area is usually a dead ball area such as a dugout, area behind a fence or demarcated by a line of some sort. Once he crosses this line, record the out. Up until then, the runner is in jeopardy of being put out in the usual way, i.e. tagging him or throwing to a base. - J.R.

Question:

Playing under Official Baseball Rules. With runners on first and third and no outs, the batter hits a fly ball to center field that is caught by the centerfielder. The runner tagging up at third leaves early. The throw comes in and the pitcher calls time out and it is granted. The next batter steps in and the pitcher toes the rubber and the umpire calls the ball back in play. The pitcher legally steps back off the rubber to appeal the runner at third but before he throws to third, the runner at first breaks for second base. The pitcher sees this and throws to the shortstop who tags the runner out at second. At this point does the defense lose its right to appeal the runner at third? The way I read the rule he cannot because he made a play before the appeal. I have been told otherwise by an umpire that has more years than me at this profession.   (Dennis from Sheffield Lake, OH)

Answer:

You are correct. See OBR 7.10 end notes. The appeal must occur before any play, attempted play or pitch. - J.R.

Question:

A situation arose in our Pony League about batting out of turn. The bases are loaded and the batter hits a grand slam home run! Before the first pitch to the next batter, the team on defense finds that the four batters have batted out of turn. What is the ruling and which player should be out and which should not? I have asked severel different umpires in our area and I have received a different answer from all of them!   (Rod from Pierre, SD)

Answer:

I am smiling here because BOO (batting out of order) does not come up that often. It is one of those things that can bite you because it is rare that it happens and when it does, watch out.

This is a five step process.

1. Focus on the last two batters that have had pitches thrown to them. Forget about the rest of the line up.
2. Put the last batter on the back burner for now who has had a pitch thrown to them and focus your attention on the batter who completed his at bat immediately before him.
3. Realize that this batter is legal, no matter who it is. Let's call him Sam.
4. The next batter should have been the person who follows Sam in the batting order.
5. If not (and the batter has completed his turn at bat and the defense appeals before the next pitch, play or attempted play) the person who follows Sam on the line up card is declared out and the correct next batter would be the man who follows the person who has just been declared out. (He is the guy two players down the batting order from Sam.)

Hope that helps. - J.R.

Question:

This is more of an official scoring question, but if a batter hits a ball in the gap and is throw out at 2nd base does he get credit for a single or is he just out 7-4?   (Steve from Bellevue, WA)

Answer:

This page is geared toward umpire questions and rules, however refer to rule 10, the Scorer. He is out 7-4. - J.R.

Question:

If a ball is hit and bounces off the top of the fence and goes foul what is the ruling?   (Matt from Edison, NJ)

Answer:

Judging by the question, this is a ball that is hit and may be a home run. I am making an assumption that this is in either left or right field. Most fields have a foul pole of sorts. Remember anything that hits this pole is a FAIR ball. If the ball strikes the top of the fence and is fair when it hits the fence and lands outside of the park in foul ground (extended), this is a home run. If the ball hits the top of the fence in fair ground and bounces into foul ground (inside the park) this is a fair and playable ball. - J.R.

Question:

Little League Rules are applicable in this instance. Local playoffs. Under 13 league. A player who is sick (low grade fever and other symptoms) insists on attending game so as not to let team down. Parents relent on condition that if he is too ill that he will come home. The player is placed on the roster as a pitcher. His coaches are made aware before the game that he is not quite up to "snuff." While on the mound a coach confers with the player who advises he is ok, but just not feeling well. Shortly thereafter, the boy has to run off the field to be sick in the restroom. The boy is taken out of play due to the obvious illness. The opposing coach invokes a little known or non-existant rule that states a player who leaves the game due to illness or injury is counted out when his turn comes up to bat and is unable to bat. Are you familiar with this rule? Is it waiverable during the course of play? and if so what are the circumstances. The player is the team's leading pitcher and player and subsequently loses the game? Thank you.   (Art from Hampton, NH)

Answer:

I can only comment on this since I do not have a little league rule book to consult. I would have to give you the OBR interp. However, most leagues have a set of rules that are an addendum to the rule book. This is done for safety or to speed the game up in some cases.

The rule you describe is one where if a player leaves the game due to illness or injury and your team plays short handed, an out is taken in the batting order for the position. Example, you start with nine players and drop to eight and take the out for the ninth batter each time his spot comes up to bat. As an umpire, the job is to enforce the rules, we do not write them. So this rule, if your league has it, cannot be waived. In OBR , if you cannot field nine players, the game is forfeit. - J.R.

Question:

I would like to know the proper base line dimensions for a Bantam level ball infield, distance between the bags, and the distance from the home plate to the pitchers mound? Also when you measure from the home plate is it from the front of the plate or the back of the plate? Also would like to know the correct measurements for the batters box, and how much distance is in front and behind the plate. Thank you.   (Glen from Red Deer, AB)

Answer:

I do not know what age group the Bantam level plays. Therefore it is difficult to answer your questions.

Most youth ball here will use official dimensions of the ball field, i.e. 90 foot bases, proper batter's box. The only thing that may change is the mound distance. In some cases the base line is at 60 feet for the little guys around 8 to 10 years of age. The batter's box is 4 feet wide, 6 feet long, 3 feet of which is in front of home plate and is 6 inches off the plate. In most cases the mound is 60 feet 6 inches from home plate. In some youth ball it may be 35 feet. Hope this helps. - J.R.

Question:

This happened in 8-9 year old game. I am asking for an OBR ruling, please.

No outs, runner on first base. Batter taps ball to just in front of home plate. Catcher throws ball to first base. Runner never left the base. I assume batter is out. But what about the runner?

1. Can runner be tagged out while on the base?
2. Must runner leave the base as soon as ball is hit on ground?
3. If runner did start for second base, after batter is called out at first, can runner return to first base before he reaches second base?   (Mike from Elmhurst, IL)

Answer:

1. and 2. Look under OBR 7.08. The base runner must vacate the base if forced. The runner must leave.
2. If it is what they call a reverse double play and the out is first recorded at first base, the runner must still try for second, however the force is removed and he must be tagged to record the out. See OBR 2.00. - J.R.

Question:

Situation is: Runners on 1st and 3rd. Two outs. Ground ball hit at the 2nd baseman and hits the runner from 1st. I am the home plate umpire. Do I make that call if my partner misses it? It was obvious because the coach gave me no trouble with the call. His only question was why my partner missed it and didn't call it?   (Kent from Harvey, LA)

Answer:

Two man mechanics as I have been told is to be in the best posible position, which is not the best position possible. You did not state where your partner was. This may be the reason he missed it. Normally with runners on the corners, I like to be inside the diamond on the first base side. It is possible that your partner was moving to avoid the ball or was not set to see the play. It happens. The main thing is to get the call correct. You did the right thing by making the call. If it was that obvious, then you had no choice. - J.R.

Question:

In Little League, can a runner hurdle or jump over a defender with possession of the ball? I know in FED rules the runner is out. But there is no mention of this situation in Little League. Thanks   (Allan from Azle, TX)

Answer:

In Federation, the runner can hurdle a player laying on the ground to avoid the tag as I remember. In baseball there is no mention of this that I could find. I was looking under OBR Rule 7.00 (The Runner). Therefore to avoid a tag it is legal to do do so provided the runner does not go outside his established base line. - J.R.

Question:

I understand that if the ball lands in foul territory after a player touches it in fair the ball is foul. But what if the ball hits the pitcher and never touches fair territory and lands in foul territory. Shouldn't it be fair?   (Henry from College Point, NY)

Answer:

If a ball that is hit and then touches a person in fair territory, then goes foul, this is a fair ball. Example, bunt attempt and it is a fly ball with back spin. Firstbaseman is charging ball to make a catch. Ball hits the ground halfway up the first base line and then strikes the firstbaseman on the leg and goes foul. This is a fair ball.

If a line shot hits the pitcher and goes into foul ground this is a fair ball. If this line shot hits the pitching rubber, untouched and goes foul, this is a foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

Men on first and second and first baseman is playing behind the runner on first, a good 8 to 10 feet behind the bag. Question is, how far back can the runner on first go behind the bag to take a lead? Does the three feet rule between the baseline apply here, would like reference to rule if such one applies so I can show our local umps?   (Chris from Matthews, NC)

Answer:

As far as the base line goes, each runner will establish their own line from where they are running. So if the runner is 6 feet behind first, his line to second would be a line he establishes when he runs to second. If he is out of the line he establishes, during a play, he is in jeopardy of being called out if a play is made. He also must be cognizant of not causing interference with any of the fielders. (OBR 7.08) - J.R.

Question:

If a batter attempts to hit a pitched ball, and it comes to rest on homeplate, what is the call? Fair or foul. It never touched anything other than homeplate (youth league).

Bases were loaded and the catcher stepped on homeplate and then tagged the runner. The ruling was a double play.   (Rob from Dallas, TX)

Answer:

Good heads up by the catcher. Home plate is in fair territory! This is a FAIR ball. - J.R.

Question:

If there is a runner on third base with 1 out and first and second bases are open, and the batter swings for a call strike 3, and the catcher drops the ball, and the batter runs to first base and is thrown out at first, and the runner on third runs home at the same time the catcher throws the batter out at first, does this count as a score?.

Please refer to what section of the rules spells this ruling out. This pertains to 7 & 8 Grade level ballplayers. Thanks.   (Jeff from Hudson, IA)

Answer:

Count the run. Credit a steal. - J.R.

Question:

In fastpitch softball, a batter receives the 4th ball. Now as a runner can procede to first and continue to 2nd as long as she does not stop.

My question refers to the note added to Sec. 9 and Sec 10 of the rule. "However, if the ball is not in the 16-foot circle or a fake throw is made, the runners are not governed by this rule."

"The batter-runner may continue past first and is entitled to second base as long as she does not stop at first base, if the pitcher has possession of the ball in the 16-foot circle."

Is the continuance to 2nd base by the batter-runner on a walk dependent on the pitcher being in the 16-foot circle? Must the batter-runner stop at 1st if the pitcher is not in the 16-foot circle?   (Tom from Bright, IN)

Answer:

What you are describing is the "Look Back Rule" or in Federation ball, the "Circle Rule." A walk, for the purposes of the Look Back Rule is like a base hit. That is, the runner can proceed to first base. Once the ball is in the circle and the runner has first base and is still moving, she is allowed ONE stop and that can be anywhere. At this point she must either try to advance to the next base or go back to the base she had. Any hesitation (Pause) is a violation and an out. Now if the pitcher "Makes a play," the Look Back Rule is moot and the runner can do what she pleases. Play being defined as umpire's judgment, raised hand, agressive move to runner, etc. If you have the ASA rule book, look at 8.8 section T and POE #28.

A more direct answer to your question about the continuance is, no. And if the ball is in the circle, no again. - J.R.

Question:

Does the pitcher have to be replaced after the second charged conference in the same inning? If so, and the coach places the replaced pitcher in a fielding position and never takes him out of the game, can the pitcher that was replaced return to pitch in the following innings. This is for a Little League Midget game that is associated with the Babe Ruth League.   (David from Terral, OK)

Answer:

I think Babe Ruth uses the OBR for the most part. OBR 8.06, the pitcher must be removed on the second conference of the same inning. The pitcher must be removed from the game.

High School rule is different. After the 3rd conference in a 7 inning game, the pitcher must be removed from the pitching position for the duration of the game. He can play any other spot.

Hope this helps. - J.R.

Question:

Score is 3-1 for the visitors. Bottom of the ninth with 1 out and runners on second and third. Batter hits a home run. Catcher watches the runners come home, both the runners in their celebrations forget to touch home plate. The batter/runner comes home and touches home.What are the rules governing the catcher's appeal for the outs against the runner/runners. I believe that an appeal can not be made until the ball is in play. How do we get the ball in play after what the home team believes to a game winning home run without alerting the home team of a possible appeal play. How many appeals can the catcher make against the runners who missed home?   (Keith from Calgary, AB)

Answer:

Interesting play. Though I beleive this is a "Dream" play and would rarely happen. Several issues here. First being the appeal itself. Under OBR, the appeal must be executed before the defensive team leaves the field. Defensive team being defined as pitcher, catcher, and infielders. See NAPBL Umpire manual, section 3.2 for referance. Second issue, the ball is dead on the home run. Therefore, a ball must be put in play. This appeal must be done from the mound after the umpire says "Play." The runners cannot go back and retouch any base since the home run and a preceding runner has crossed the plate. Third issue, once play has been resumed by the umpire, the pitcher must execute it properly. He or the catcher must state what they are doing and which runner they are appealing. If the pitcher balks, or does something that is considered a play then no further appeals can be made.

You had asked how do we get the ball back in play. After a play like this, I would think the catcher would state to the umpire they would like to appeal. With that, the ump would throw out a new ball to the pitcher who would then take the rubber, like he was going to pitch. The umpire would then state, "Play." Ball is now live. Pitcher must step off the rubber correctly and state something to the effect of appealing the runner missing home. Throw the ball to the catcher who steps on the base. If the umpire agrees, the out will be recorded. We can have one appeal per runner in this case. Guessing games should not be permitted though.

Now the great issue, scoring. If the appeal is honored for the first runner, the run is taken off the board. What once was a three run shot is a two run shot. Score now is 3-3. If the appeal on the second runner is honored, no score, since this was the third out. The batter that hit the home run does not score, since the third out was made by the second base runner. Score is 3 to 1. (Whew) - J.R.

Question:

In Youth Baseball, bases are loaded, two outs. Batter swings at strike three and catcher misses the ball and it goes all the way back to the backstop. Runner from third advances to home and is safe, the batter is still standing at home plate and makes no attempt to reach first base. After run scores, the catcher tags out the batter. I would like to know if the run scores and what is the exact ruling on this case, thanks for the help.   (Jerry from Lewisville, TX)

Answer:

Interesting play. Let's break it down. This is a force play, not a time play. Even though the run crosses the plate before the tag, the out stands and no run scores because it is a force play. - J.R.

Question:

Slo-pitch, ASA. Men on first and second. High popup to infield. I said ump should call infield fly when he sees the pop will remain in infield. Ump says he only calls it if a fielder is camped under the pop. Which is correct?   (Dan from Wall, NJ)

Answer:

Infield fly is a judgement call by the umpire. The rule states reasonable effort. This makes it a judgement call. - J.R.

Question:

I know this is a stupid question. However it will end an arguement. Two away, runner on third. Hit and run is called. The batter hits a grounder to the shortstop, the runner crosses the plate and then the shortstop throws the batter out at first base. Does the run count? Thanks.   (Jim from Calgary, AB)

Answer:

No, the run does not count. - J.R.

Question:

A batted ball is hit in the air. While attempting to catch the fly ball, the ball comes in contact with the fielder's glove, bounces into the outfield wall and back into the glove (without touching the ground). Is this an out? What is the ruling of the wall in fair territory? Also, if the same play occurs in foul territory, what is the call?   (Kim from Wildomar, CA)

Answer:

The wall is like the ground in this case. Rule no catch, no out. In foul territory, this is just a foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

Can you help me find the rule that covers eligible players? At a recent game, the other team substituted in a player, he wore number 19. There was no number 19 on the lineup card I was given before the game. Out of the seven subs, #19 was not there. When I questioned the players eligibility with the umpire, he said "you go by names, not numbers". I can't find any ruling on this matter, can you help?   (Tom from Florissant, MO)

Answer:

Reality check here first. In some leagues, the ump does not handle lineups. That is left to the teams at the field. Also, some leagues have thier own rules that govern this, so that more players get a chance to play, such as the re-entry rule in High School baseball and softball.

To your question, OBR Rule 3.00 haas several sections pertaining to substitutes. The one which may pertain to your situation is 3.04. It specifically states "Name" of the person in the batting order.

Score one for the ump. - J.R.

Question:

If a batter hits a ground ball that hits a runner already standing on the bag at third base, is the runner out on the play?   (Rob from Hammondsport, NY)

Answer:

Depends on which code you are playing under. If softball, the base is sanctuary and you are not out, ASA 8.8.

In baseball, the base is not sanctuary and you are out, OBR 7.08f. - J.R.

Question:

Rule 1 in the Official Rules of Baseball defines the specifications for gloves and who may use them. Where is the penalty for the use of an illegal glove given? In the ASA Rulebook, the procedure for appeal and the remedies are clearly spelled out, but I have been unable to find the same in baseball rules. Our league plays straight baseball rules, not LL.   (Gordon from St. Louis, MO)

Answer:

I had the same problem locating anything in the OBR. However, in my copy of the rules, just after Rule 1.16 is a higlighted blue area that contained the magic words.

If the umpire observes any violation of these rules (Interp. any rule prior to 1.17) he shall direct the violation be corrected. If not corrected in a reasonable amount of time (Umpire's judgement), the offender shall be ejected. Any disciplinary action, as appropriate, will be recommended.

Hope this helps. - J.R.

Question:

If the batter is standing as far back in the batter's box as possible (behind home plate), is the strike zone (upper and lower) determined by where the ball passes over home plate or where it passes the batter? That is, if it crosses above home plate just above the knees but passes the batter just below the knees, is it a ball or strike? Where does the rule book detail this so I can confirm this to another manager? P.S. I think it's where the ball crosses the plate.   (Ed from Grass Valley, CA)

Answer:

The Strike Zone in OBR Rule 2.00 is that area over home plate, upper limit being a horizontal line at the mid point between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants. Low point being a line at the top of the knees. The zone shall be determined from the batter's stance as he swings at a pitched ball.

Reallity check: If he is that far back and you are working the slot, your view is going to be "Crimped." You will need to adjust your stance to see the outside corner. That means you either are up slightly in your stance or have moved back slightly. If I have to split hairs here, the batter loses. If the ball is over the plate (that area over home plate) and the ball enters as a strike, and the catcher makes it look good, I have a strike. I also use the catcher to help in some cases. If he catches the ball while in the crouch at his kness or above, you can be sure the pitch crossed at the knees.

Hope this helps. - J.R.

Question:

Batter bunts ball. The ball is a pop-up. The batter drops bat and runs to first. When the ball comes down it hits the bat in fair territory and bounces off bat into foul territory. Is the ball fair or foul?   (Bill from Feeding Hills, MA)

Answer:

The bat is now part of the field. Since the ball did not pass first or third base in fair ground this is a foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

The pitcher makes his delivery to home plate but the ball bounces before reaching the plate. The batter swings at the pitch and hits the ball into right field for a single. What's is the ruling on the pitch? Dead ball or legal pitch?   (Kevin from Ellicott City, MD)

Answer:

OBR 2.00 if the batter hits the bounced ball all ensuing action is legal. Therefore, legal pitch. - J.R.

Question:

In slow pitch softball, batter hits ball off pitcher's leg then the ball hits runner who is going to 3rd, is the runner out?   (Brian from Lincoln Park, NJ)

Answer:

No, he is not out. ASA Rule 8 Section 9 F. - J.R.

Question:

Batter does not swing and is hit on hands. Is this a strike or hit by pitch in 9 & 10 year olds game?

One out, runner on second, batter hits ball to 2nd base and runner 2B goes toward 3rd but collides with shortstop moving to cover 2nd. Is this obstruction?   (Rick from Montclair, NJ)

Answer:

I can only comment on Major League rules or High School Federation, I don't have the proper rule books or inerps for Little League. OBR the hands are not part of the bat. If the ball is not in the strike zone and hits the player on the hands, he gets first base.

For the second part of the question, refer to OBR 2.00 Obstruction and 7.06(b). The runner on second was going to third and collided with the shortstop, in the umpire's judgement this could be obstruction. The batter runner was not obstructed so this is a delayed call. After all playing action has ceased, the umpire will make an award that in his judgement nullifies the obstruction. In this case he may award the runner third base. - J.R.

Question:

If there are 2 strikes on a batter and he looks at strike 3 but the catcher drops. Can he run to first or does the batter have to swing?   (Jason from Oswego)

Answer:

Depends on the base and out situation. If less than two outs and first base is unoccupied, he can run. See OBR 6.05 and 6.09. - J.R.

Question:

I recently saw a play at first base. A ground ball was hit to the first baseman. He bobbled the ball and then picked it up with is bare hand, he dove to the bag and touched the base with his glove (ball was in his bare hand). Out or safe? I am aware that in a run down if the runner is touched by the defensive players glove while the ball is in the bare hand the runner is safe. Does the same rule apply in this case? I can't seem to find it in the rule book.   (Tom from Naperville, IL)

Answer:

Touching the base for the out is different than touching a person for the out. When dealing with a base ANY part of the body will do to record the out. In your case, the ball was held and in control with the bare hand and the glove touched the base. This is an out. (OBR 2.00) - J.R.

Question:

Between innings, the third baseman running from the 1st base dugout, stops at the mound and throws the game ball to the catcher. Does he have to pitch? What rule applies?   (Mark from Mount Prospect, IL)

Answer:

No. He was not announced as pitcher, therfore does not have to pitch. (OBR 2.00) - J.R.

Question:

If a men's baseball league has agreed to play under the official major league rules, please answer this question on Rule 4.17. If a team starts a game with nine men, can the game continue if one team is unable to field nine men in the game in the later innings?   (Charles from Dolomite, AL)

Answer:

No, the game is then forfeited. - J.R.

Question:

My team plays in the Montco Youth Baseball League which plays by MLB National League rules. My question is: Is the runner on base required to "tag-up" after each pitch?   (Bruce from Dresher, PA)

Answer:

No. The only time one is required to retouch the base occupied is after a foul ball uncaught (OBR 5.09e). The ump will not put the ball into play until this is done. Other references require the runner to retouch the bases in proper order when returning to a base that is occupied, such as when you have a deep fly ball and the runner thinks it will not be caught and is halfway to third base. He must retouch second and then first. - J.R.

Question:

With less than 2 out and 1st base not occupied. The count is 1 ball 2 strikes. The batter swings and misses the pitch that hit in front of the plate and catcher stops it. Does batter become a runner? This situation happened in junior little league ages 13-14. Thanks.   (Allan from Azle, TX)

Answer:

This is considered a dropped third strike, since the ball did hit the ground and the player offered at the ball. The batter is entitled to try to run to first base. - J.R.

Question:

In baseball, as a runner, if I am standing on a base and making contact with it and am hit by a batted ball I am safe and the ball is still in play, correct?   (Mike from Rocky River, OH)

Answer:

In OBR 7.08f, the base is not sanctuary. You are out unless it is an infield fly, then the ball is dead and the batter is out. - J.R.

Question:

This isn't a question, but I read the question someone asked you about if a fielder tries to catch a ball that is in the air in foul territory, the ball hits the fielder's glove (while the fielder is in fair territory) is it foul? You said it was, but we were taught that the ump calls the foul/fair from where the ball was "touched" so actually that call should have been fair. Unless, of course the fielder was "straddling" (if you will) the base line, and his glove was over foul territory. Thank You.   (Nathan from Manhattan, KS)

Answer:

Look at it this way, If the player in left field has both feet on the fair side of the line and the glove is over foul ground and he catches the ball or touches the ball, what is the call? The ball is in foul teritory even though the player is in fair ground, this is a foul ball. The call is on the ball, not on the player. See OBR 2.00 Definition of Terms. In your description here the ball was touched over foul ground by a player in fair territory. This is a foul ball. - J.R.

Question:

My question applies to PONY baseball at the 13-14 year-old age group. The situation: bottom of six, bases loaded, no outs, game is tied. A player on the visiting (defensive) team is injured and has to leave the game. Since the visiting team had only nine players to start with, there are no subsitutes available.

In this case the umpires called it a suspended game with the intention of picking it up at the same point in the game at a later date. Many thought the visiting team could continue with eight players, with an out being charged each time the absent player would have batted. Others thought it was a forfeit because the visiting team could not field nine players.

What is the right call?   (Jim from Bremerton, WA)

Answer:

I am unfimailiar with PONY baseball rules and do not have a rule book for their games. However, if they follow major league baseball in this area, the game would be forfeited since they could not field nine players.

Some associations will allow a continuation with 8 players, with an out being recorded when that batter would be up. - J.R.

Question:

If the catcher drops a third strike and the batter makes it to 1st base, is it recorded as a hit and at bat? If not, how would this be recorded in the book?   (Don from Cranberry Township, PA)

Answer:

The purpose of this site is to evaluate rule questions, interpretations, plays etc. This is more of a scoring question that an umpiring question.

The pitcher gets the "K" for the strike out. And a time at bat is recorded. - J.R.

Question:

Runners are at 3rd and second, one out, a pop fly is hit and caught by the pitcher. The girl on second runs to third, the runner on third tagged up and went home, the pitcher threw to shortstop who threw home. The runner from second stayed on third. The pitcher started to pitch but the coach called time. The ump called time. The coach talked to the ump then called time back in . The pitcher ran and touched second base and the third out was called. My question- when time was called and then called off shouldn't the umpire have moved the runner to the proper base as I thought it was his job to make sure everyone was in the proper place after a time out? Thank you. This happened in a little league softball game.   (Mike from Chesapeake, VA)

Answer:

It is not the umpire's job to tell the defense or offense of situations that puts teams at disadvantages or advantages. This is an appeal play all the way. The pitcher made an appeal before the next pitch whether it be legal or illegal. Since time was in and no pitch was thrown, the pitcher made a live ball appeal at second. Runner is out. - J.R.

Question:

The batter squares to bunt, the pitcher delivers a pitch that is out of the strike zone. The batter does not move his bat to attempt to contact the ball, and pulls his bat back only after the ball is in the catchers mitt. Is this ruled a strike or a ball?   (Steve from Barrington, NH)

Answer:

In order for the strike to be called, by the book, the batter has to "Offer" at the pitch. This is purely umpire judgement.

By your play, as described, no intent was made to offer at the pitch, it should be ruled a ball. However, I would ask myself as to why the batter never moved the bat out of the strike zone to take the pitch. - J.R.

Question:

When can you consider the game completed because of rain in a six inning game?   (Bob from Carroll, OH)

Answer:

Usually that may be covered by league rules. But customary is the Pro Rule 4.10 which is 4.5 innings provided that the home team is ahead or 5 full innings provided that the home team is behind. Pro Rule states that 9 innings make the game. In certain circumstances the games can be reduced to 7 innings. - J.R.

Question:

There are runners at 2nd and 3rd, the batter hits the ball and it touches the ground before it is fielded. The shortstop fields the ball and tags the runner going from second to third instead of going to first with the play. The runner from third crosses the plate before the the tag at short. Does that run count?   (Gary from Scott Township, PA)

Answer:

In your play you forgot to give the number of outs. What we have is a ground ball to short. Runner on third is breaking for the plate while the runner on second is going to third. The shortstop tags the runner in between second and third. This is an out. If there are two outs, and the runner in between 2nd and 3rd delays the tag, score the run if the tag is after the runner crosses the plate. This is a time play. If less than that, you would have an out on the tag, a run on the board and a runner at first. - J.R.

Question:

It's the top of the sixth inning with bases loaded, the batter swings and the ball hits him in the foot and rolls to the pitcher. The umpire says nothing and the pitcher throws it home then the catcher to third for a double play. The umpire in the field says he saw it hit the batter. Does there need to be a direct appeal from the home umpire to the field umpire for help or can he (the field umpire) make that call by himself?   (B.A. from Cape Cod, MA)

Answer:

The object of all umpiring is to get the calls right. Ideally, if the plate umpire misses something, he should go for help. If he feels he got the call correct he may not do so. A ball that hits a batter or a foul ball in the dirt and then strikes the batter can sometimes be difficult for the plate man to see. I always tell my crewmates if you see it, call it.

Now for your play at hand. Looking at it from here, the batter thought the pitch was in the strike zone otherwise he would not have swung. (Pro Rule 6.08) The batter offered at the pitch. Even though it hit him he still swung at the pitch. Ring the strike, ball is alive. If strike three and less than 2 out, batter is retired. If two out, the batter can try for first base. The runner advancing from third is now a steal. This is now a tag play. No tag, runner is safe. It can get confusing!!!

Clarification!!!!!

After reading the rule a bit further and talking to some people, the following is the correct ruling. The batter swung at the pitch, ring the strike. Since the pitch hit the batter, the ball is dead, nothing can happen!!!!! If the plate man did not see this, it is incumbent upon the base umpire to kill the play. - J.R.

Question:

This happened today in my son's Majors Little League game. Runner on first base with no outs. Batter, with 2 balls and 1 strike, hit a fly ball to the first baseman and as the first baseman was about to catch the ball the runner at first base ran into the first baseman causing him to drop the ball. The umpire declared that the runner intefered with the fielder, and allowed the batter to stay at first. Rule 7.09j states that the "runner is out and the ball is dead." If the ball is dead at the time of inteference, is the batter entitled to first base? If he is not entitled to first and remains a batter, what would the count be?   (Dennis from Woodside, CA)

Answer:

OBR 7.09 states that the runner is out in a play like yours. The play is dead and the batter gets first base. In your case, one out, new batter, runner on first base. Unless, in the umpire's judgement, the interference had the possibility of breaking up a double play. Then both the runner is out and the batter runner is out. - J.R.

Question:

Little league baseball, 9-12 year olds. Pitcher walks batter. Batter runs to first and continues on to second base without stopping. At what point does he have to stop at first base? When pitcher is on rubber? When catcher is ready to receive ball? I was on a site just a couple days ago that answered my question but I can't find it again. Umpire asked me this tonight. I told him the runner could continue to second as long as the catcher was not crouched and ready to receive the next pitch as long as the runner did not stop at first.   (Mark from DuBois, PA)

Answer:

I am not sure about Little League rules. In Pro rules the ball is alive. If the ball is dead, nothing can happen. If he touches first and decides to try for second as a steal while the ball is alive, the runner is in jeopardy and can be put out.

In Little League, if the rule states that at the issue of a walk the ball is dead, then the runner must stop at first. The umpire then must make the ball alive again for any further play to happen. - J.R.

Question:

I am familiar with the rules that govern a fielder intentionally touching a fair ball with a detached glove, cap, or mask. However, a situation in a recent high school game made me revisit the rule.

A ball was squibbed down the baseline and was rolling in foul territory. The catcher came out from behind the plate, removed his mask, and swiped at the ball with the mask while the ball was in foul territory. The umpire was ready to award three bases but then ruled it foul ball.

I could find nothing in the detached-equipment rule to dispute the ruling. But it seems that using detached equipment to prevent a ball from becoming fair should be addressed in a similar manner. Are you aware of any such ruling?   (John from Inver Grove Heights, MN)

Answer:

This is a foul ball as you well know. The thing that you need to ask yourself, did this ball have a chance to become fair? If the ball is that close to the line, I would think that a glove would be used by any player trying to field the ball to make a viable play on the batter runner.

Usually you find that detached equipment comes in at the younger levels when, in frustation, a kid has to chase the ball and throws his hat, glove, shoe or whatever to stop the ball so he can get into the infield and prevent extra bases. With this in mind, the batter has not even earned first base on a hit, why give him the base then some when he has not earned it? Conversely, on a close foul ball that may have a remote chance to become fair, you can warn the defense to use proper equipment. - J.R.

Question:

I have some questions on high school catcher equipment:

1. For 2000, does a catcher's helmet have to meet the NOCSAE standard if used in a game?
2. In 2001, does a catcher's helmet and mask both have to meet NOCSAE standards and have to be tested together to be approved to meet the NOCSAE standard?
3. Will the one piece hockey style helmet be allowed in high school play in 2001?
4. A helmet tested and approved to meet the NOCSAE standards with a mask but subsequently used with a different mask, will still be allowed to be used in a game in 2001- is this true??   (Teresa from Traer, IA)

Answer:

1. Yes. That includes warm-up catchers as well as in the bull pen or any field area.
2. That rule came into effect this year and was listed in 1999 for Year 2000 to give everyone ample notice. As far as testing them together, I believe not, since you can buy the helmet and mask separately.
3. Allowed this year in play.
4. As long as the NOSCAE stamp is there, it is legal. - J.R.

Question:

Game situation - 2 outs, bases loaded, catcher drops the third strike. The batter (now a runner) takes off for first and is called out by the home plate umpire because first base is occupied. A run scores as well but the ump says it doesn't count.

The way I read the rules is that with 0 or 1 out, and first base occupied, if the catcher drops the third strike or the ball hits the ground before the catcher catches it, the batter cannot become a runner and is called out. However with two outs, the batter becomes a runner and and can advance even if first is occupied. The defense would then have a force play at any base to which a runner must advance.

In the game situation I described, based on how I understand the rules, the batter should have become a runner and allowed to advance. If the run scored and no play was made anywhere else, the run would count and everyone would be safe. Am I right on this? I've had three umpires in the last week tell me the runner can't advance with two outs, but the rules say otherwise if I'm reading them right. Thanks.   (Gary from Draper, UT)

Answer:

You are correct. The batter with the dropped third strike has the right to advance to first base with 2 out and first base occupied. If this happens to your team and the umpire gets the call incorrect, since this is not judgement, rather a rule interpretation, the call has protest written all over it.

Mind you this, in your situation it is also a force play. Once the catcher recovers the ball, he can throw to any base to record the out or touch the plate.

Should there be less than two outs and first base occupied, the umpire should, when the third strike is made state, "Strike 3, batter is out." This prevents the throw and all kinds of other things that can happen when the ball starts flying around the diamond. - J.R.

Question:

My son (10) was hit by a pitch. The umpire called dead ball and awarded my son first base. The pitcher, who had come in to cover the plate, took the ball from the catcher and started toward the mound. My son led off first and was picked off. I argued that the ball was dead. The umpire said that the ball once again became live when my son took a lead from first. I say that the ball remains dead until the pitcher makes contact with the rubber and the umpire calls for play to resume. Who is right? Thanks   (Casey from Fayetteville, AR)

Answer:

The ball is dead until the umpire puts the ball in play. For that to happen, the pitcher must take the rubber. At this point the umpire should say "Play" or indicate as such with an arm gesture. Ideally he should do both. However, us "Blues" sometimes forget to do this mechanic. Therefore, as soon as the pitcher takes the rubber, the ball is in play.

Unless the pitcher was on the rubber, in your play as you describe it, nothing could happen because the ball was not yet in play. - J.R.

Question:

Some of my friends and I got into a discussion about what is the ruling if a batter hits the baseball and it hits the line on top of the wall. I said it is a home run. This season we put up a wall and painted it green. We also painted a yellow line on the wall to indicate fair or foul ball and painted a yellow line at the top of the wall. Our ground rules are that the ball is still in play if the ball hits the yellow line. Now I am pretty sure that I have seen baseballs hit the line in some major league games and it counted as a home run. Can you resolve this issue for me?   (Mike from Louisville, KY)

Answer:

Your ground rules cover this question, as the ball is in play.

It has been customary that the line is a "Home run" line and anything that hits it is a 4 base award. Just as any ball hits the "Foul line" is a fair ball. - J.R.

Question:

I have looked all over the internet and local book stores for the answer but to no avail. What is the rule on the DH in the Texas League? The Round Rock Express began play in 2000, and I have seen games where the DH is used, and where it is not. I was hoping you could clear this up for me.   (Matt from Austin, TX)

Answer:

This forum was designed to answer rule type questions with regards to High School, Official Baseball Rules, Babe Ruth (Jr. and Sr.), Little League, and ASA softball. In most cases we can get rule interpretations, mechanics and situations and discuss them. Individual league rules, on the other hand, are difficult to get and/or comment on. With that said, I would think that the Texas League, whether affiliated with ML baseball or independent, would follow the major league rule for use of the DH (6.10a and b). - J.R.

Question:

Does the batter have to move out of the batters box when a runner is stealing home? When is it interference by the batter if he doesn't move? What is considered interference when the catcher throws to the pitcher on a passed ball situation like this?   (Jeff from Roseville, CA)

Answer:

The batter must vacate a congested area (7.09, Official Baseball Rules). On the steal from third, a lot of the times in the lower level of ball, the batter is just as suprised as the umpire that a steal is being made. This is also a judgement call by the umpire if the batter did get out of the way. Penalty is that the runner is out if less than 2 outs. Otherwise batter is out.

As far as the passed ball play, the batter will usually get out of the way. Again, judgement is used as to whether the batter yielded enough room for a play to be made. - J.R.

Question:

This question is about home plate in regards to calling balls and strikes. One umpire from our chapter states that the black is part of the plate and should be used when calling these pitches. Another umpire states that the black is not part of the strike zone and shouild not be considered when calling balls and strikes. In fact, he even states that the black part should be buried in the ground, therefore, not even exposed. Who is right??   (Wade from State College, PA)

Answer:

By rule, the plate is 17 inches across. Again, by book rule any part of the ball that touches those 17 inches of the plate is a strike. In reality, the black is not really part of the plate. However, with a fast ball coming at you at about 60+ mph, knee high on the corner, who is going to quibble about one inch? - J.R.

Question:

After a hit the bat was thrown or dropped in fair territory between home plate and the pitchers mound. As the runner attempted to score, the fielder's throw to the catcher hit the bat. Is this interference?   (Tim from Crozet, VA)

Answer:

No. In this case the bat is laying on the ground and is now part of the field. OBR 6.05 states that if the batter hits the ball a second time while in fair territory the batter is out provided that this act is considered intentional (paraphrased here). - J.R.

Question:

At a recent Little League game, a batter was hit by a pitched ball that bounced once about four feet in front of the batter's box. The batter flinched before being hit but did not step out of the way. An argument insued about whether or not a pitch hitting the ground first and then hitting the batter would entitle the batter to take his base. In subsequent discussions many theories about the rule were given (displaying that most of us are very ignorant of the finer points of the rulebook). A check of the Little League rulebook, it is very explicit that being hit by a pitched ball even if it hit the groung first will still entitle the batter to take first base. The only stipulation is that in the umpire's opinion, he will need to have attempted to avoid being hit. A number of people argued that the rule only applied to Little League ball and that on all other levels it would have been either a dead ball without the batter being awarded first base or that it would merely have been considered a ball with the batter remaining at the plate. A check of the Major League rulebook reveals a less specific rule. Rule 6.08b states that "the batter becomes a runner and is entitled to first base without liability to be put out ... when ... (b) He is touched by a pitched ball which he is not attempting to hit ... it shall be called a ball if he makes no attempt to avoid being touched." So my question is about how the rules may differ across Little League, AABC, Federation rules, and the Major Leagues. Thank you.   (Gary from Midland, TX)

Answer:

I am not familiar with Little League or AABC rules but would imagine they should be close to the OBR (Official Baseball Rules) with safety being the biggest factor of the rules. In all codes (Federation, NCAA, OBR) it does not matter if the ball hits the ground first and then contacts the batter. Batter is entittled to first base without liability to be put out. Judgement comes in as to if the batter made an effort to get out of the way of the pitch. If the batter made no attempt, a ball would be called. If the ball hits the batter while he is leaning into the strike zone, that is a strike.

The rule of thumb I use, especially for the upper divisions, is that the pitcher should have control of the ball and since it is in the dirt, no one knows where it will end up. Give the batter first base. - J.R.

Question:

I have 2 easy questiones, but:

1. A FORCE PLAY -Example:... One out. Runner on first and third. Batter flies out. Two out. Runner on third DOESN'T tag up and scores.(HE DOESN'T RETOUCH THIRD BASE) Runner on first tries to retouch before throw from fielder reaches first baseman, but does not get back in time and is out. Three outs. If, in umpire's judgment, the runner from third touched home before the ball was held at first base, DOES the run count? (no appeal)
2. Just the umpire sees, that the runner fails to touch home base and makes no attempt to return to that base - the defensive team doesn't appeal. What is the umpire's call? - and how? (he doesn't call a run? and how it will be count by the scorer?)   (Steven from Europe)

Answer:

1. If the runner crosses the plate BEFORE the out is made at first in your play, score the run. That is unless the defense appeals the the tag-up at third base. This would be a "4th out appeal" to take the run off the board. This is for regular baseball. In High School, as the umpire, you would do the appeal.
2. The proper mechanic for the plate umpire is to wait and say nothing, especially if no play was made by the defense. By pausing and if the ball is nearby, this will alert the players that something is amiss. If ball beats runner and tag is made, ring the out. If the player, as you describe, goes into the bench area and the ball comes to the defense and they appeal by steping on the plate and telling you what they are doing, SELL THE OUT! If the ball goes back to the rubber and a pitch is made, the run counts. If they appeal properly from the rubber, ring the out. If they do not appeal properly, run is good. Of course this is for regular baseball. High school, you would call the runner out after all play has ceased. The scorer will count the run until told by the umpire to remove the run. - J.R.

Question:

Bases loaded, catcher throw to 3rd catches the guy off base, meanwhile guy on 1st runs to 2nd both were on the bag at the same time, who's out?   (Bob from Belton, MO)

Answer:

As it stands, the person who is entitled to the bag, has the bag. When outs have to be ruled upon, the person who does not belong will be out. In this case, it is the runner who should be on first. - J.R.

Question:

Runner on 3rd. Two out. Coach calls time out and talks to pitcher and infielders. After conference, home plate umpire declares "play" and R3 takes lead and is tagged by third baseman. Pitcher was standing in front of rubber according to base umpire.

Is this a balk? Is this nothing since ball and pitcher were not on the rubber to make ball alive?   (Bill from Alexander City, AL)

Answer:

It is normal for the umpire to wait until the pitcher takes the rubber to call play. This prevents the hidden ball trick and any other headaches that go with it.

The pitcher cannot be on the mound area without the ball. This is deceiving the runner. The balk is the correct call in this case since the umpire had the ball in play. Award one base to all runners. However, the ump should take some heat for not waiting until the pitcher was ready to pitch with the ball and contact with the rubber. - J.R.

Question:

I recently read a question from one of your readers, if a right-handed pitcher is attempting to pick off a runner on first base, does he have to remove his right foot from the rubber before throwing to the bag? I also am not able to find anything in the rule book on this situation. Nothing specifies the pitcher having to take his foot off the rubber before throwing to first base. I realize that the balk rule is the most confused rule in baseball, so it might be hard to answer my question. Can the pitcher simply spin on his right foot, keeping it in contact with the rubber, and throw to first base from the set position, or does he have to at least make an attempt to remove his foot from the rubber? What if the pitcher does a jumping type move (from the set position ) to first base without first removing his foot from the rubber? The pitcher, again from the set position, jumps in the air, spins in the air and throws to first base, after landing on the ground. Is this legal? Most of the pros I watch, step back off the rubber, turn and throw to first. I am thinking, if it were legal to jump spin, or keep your foot on the rubber while pivoting and throwing to first, why are more pro-pitchers not doing it?   (Chad from Hope Mills)

Answer:

There are several elements to the balk rule. See OBR 8.01 which covers the balk and what the pitching deliveries are. Basically, the chief guide here is that the pitcher cannot deceive the runner. The step off can be accomplished two ways. The pivot foot (that foot on the rubber) can be removed to the rear of the rubber. In which case, the pitcher becomes an infielder. He may then throw. Showuld he throw the ball away, the base award to the runner would be that of an infielder.

The pitcher can throw to a base while engaged with the rubber by stepping directly to the base. For a right handed pitcher this move would be to third and a lefty it would be to first. This would be rather awkward for the right handed pitcher to throw to first base.

The jump turn (right handed pitcher) - the pitcher disengauges the rubber, spins and throws to first. All this must be done at the same time. The pitcher thereby becomes an infielder and can throw to first. This is not a balk move. However, should the pitcher throw the ball away, the enforcement is done as a pitcher not as an infielder.

I hope this answers your question. - J.R.

Question:

I have two questions, both are for little league boys 10-11 year old.

1. In little league when a balk is called is it a dead ball? If the pitch is delivered and hit for a base hit can everyone advance?
2. We had an unfortunate situation after the game was over, when the umpire was giving the slip on the final score to the coach. No words were exchanged but a coach was told he was then ejected from the game. The coach responded "the game is over?" The umpire told him he was ejected from the next game. We don't condone disputes with the umpire but this seems beyond his authority?   (Lonny from Houston, TX)

Answer:

To your first question, I do not have a copy of the little league rules but will endevour to find out your answer. In High School Federation Baseball, the ball is dead. In OBR (Official Baseball Rules) the ball is delayed dead. That means if the umps catch the balk and kill the play the awards will be made. If not, the ball is alive and the play goes on.

Your second question: As a general rule, the umpire's authority begins when he enters the field of play and ends when he leaves. Since he had not left yet his authority is still recognized and the ejection should stand. - J.R.

Question:

With one out and a runner on third, our batter had a count of no balls and two strikes. The pitcher delivered a pitch that hit the ground in front of the plate and was clearly out of the strike zone. The batter began to swing, but he appeared to draw the bat back in plenty of time. The home plate unpire gave no ball or stike call that was discernable to the dugout. The batter later related he heard no call made too. The pitch got away from the catcher, the runner from third came home, and the batter stepped to the side to get away from the play. The catcher's throw to the pitcher sailed over the pitcher's head into the infield grass and the run scored. As the batter attempted to reenter the batter's box, the catcher then appealed the swing to the field umpire who ruled it was a strike. Since the batter had been given absolutely no reason to run to first, he was then tagged out while still standing at home. I cannot find anything in the Rules of Major League Baseball that addresses this situation, but this call leaves me with an empty feeling. Was this a legitimate appeal play? I would very much appreciate your insight. Thank you.   (Bill from Baton Rouge, LA)

Answer:

This is a play that was blown. The proper mechanic for the plate umpire is to make a "ball" call and then if he is not sure, go for help. You cannot appeal a strike call or an out call. The catcher did the correct thing by asking the plate umpire to go for help. In the judgement of the field umpire, the batter went. This being the third strike, batter is out, score the run unless it was a third out. - J.R.

Question:

Runner on 1st, 1 out. Runner attempts steal of second, batter strikes out, catcher drops ball. Must the batter be tagged or thrown out at first? I'm assuming the answer is yes because I have seen it called this way, but is there a specific rule regarding this of a definition of a base being occupied? Thanks   (Allan from Neshanic Station, NJ)

Answer:

For the purpose of the dropped third strike rule, the base is occupied at the time of the pitch. Therefore, the proper mechanic should be, "Strike 3, batter is out." This lets everyone know that the batter cannot run. (OBR 6.09) - J.R.

Question:

Only a runner on first. The first baseman creeps in looking for a bunt. The runner on first then extends his lead-off, only to have the second baseman sneak to first. The pitcher throws to first base, which is now covered by the second baseman, the runner is caught in a run down.

The umpire ruled it a balk, stating that a pick-off to first has to be thrown to the first baseman??????   (Mike from Chicago, IL)

Answer:

According to Federation and OBR (Official Baseball Rules) this is not a balk. One step further, runner on second, runner takes lead and centerfielder comes in to cover the bag as the pitcher throws to him for a play. Is this a balk? Not! - J.R.

Question:

My friend and I were arguing about a ball that hits the foul pole and bounces foul. I said this was a home run and he said this was a foul ball. Can you clarify this for us?   (Bryan from Ames, IA)

Answer:

A "Foul pole" is actually the wrong term. It should be called a "Fair pole." If the ball hits the pole it is a fair ball, play it. If the ball hits the pole above the fence line it is a home run. - J.R.

Question:

In the 2000 rule book of Little League Baseball, 3.04 it states "NO courtesy runners allowed". But, 3.07 and 3.08 address the action of no announcement of a substitution being made... (4) if a runner, the substitute takes the place of the runner being replaced.

What am I missing here? What constitues a "courtesy runner", a "pinch runner" and a substitute that is going to run? Can you help me understand this?   (Nancy from Rison, AR)

Answer:

A courtesy runner is a person who will enter the game only to run for the pitcher and catcher. This is allowed in Federation baseball, softball and ASA softball. It basically is used for several reasons.

1. Gets more kids in the game.
2. Allows the pitcher and catcher to get ready before the inning is over, which saves time. This is especially the case with a catcher.

A pinch runner is a person that comes in to replace the runner on the base, and is in effect a substitute. Since the pinch runner is in the game as a substitute, he/ she must report to the umpire. The ump, in turn, will notify the scorer and/or the opposing coach. This legalizes the person coming in. If the person coming in did not report, we have an illegal substitution and with that, several rulings to make when brought to the umpire's attention. - J.R.

Question:

What are the strike zones for Federation, NCAA, and Little League Baseball? Thank you   (Bob from Phelan, CA)

Answer:

This is an interesting question because it is almost open ended per each umpire. The pro rules state the zone is that area over home plate the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants and the lower level is at the top of the knees. (Rule 2.0)

Federation states that the strike zone is the area over home plate the top of which is halfway between the batter's shoulders and the waist line and the lower limit being the knees when he assumes a normal batting stance. (rule 2-33 section 35)

I do not have the NCAA book or the little league book to refer to. But I would imagain it is similar to the above. - J.R.

Question:

If a player swings at a pitch and the ball clearly hits the batter's hands on the bat and the ball goes into fair territory, what's the call and where do I find the rule in the MLB rule book ?

Would the same answer hold true for a fair ball bunt off the hands regardless of the number of strikes on the batter?   (Nate from Newnan, GA)

Answer:

Check rule 6.08 a and b. This should give you the answer. In both cases the batter is offering at the pitch and therefore I (My opinion) see it as the ball was in the strike zone for the batter to offer at the pitch. We play it. - J.R.

Question:

I am a 2nd year Babe Ruth umpire. Even though I have spent many hours in the rule book, I cannot locate the answer to this. I and my partner are sure we've read it somewhere but... We recently had a batter hit on the hand while at bat and ruled it a "foul ball" believing that the hand is considered part of the bat. We use to coach, and many years ago play, and that was the call that was always given. I can't find anything on that specifically in the official rule book or the LL books. The batter was trying to move out of the way and the ball was not in the strike zone at the time he was hit. Are we imagining things or is that specifically covered somewhere? I did find in rule 608 b)1 and 2 what I believe would apply in this case, but we were all so sure of the call. Can you help? If so can I get a reference? Thanks...   (Jim from Goldsboro, NC)

Answer:

It is generally accepted that the hands are not part of the bat. Therefore a pitch that hits the hands is a hit batsman and he is entitled to first base. As you state it is covered by 6.08 a,b. In your case, the award was to put him on first base and bring up the next batter in the line up. - J.R.

Question:

Batter/runner with two outs misses first base while going to second, runners on first scores, ball is throwed to first, batter /runner called out for third out, does run count?   (Tom from East Killingly, CT)

Answer:

This is not a time play. So if the appeal is done properly, record the out and remove the run.

The ball can go back to first base directly from the fielder and the first baseman must state what he is doing. Or the appeal can be executed from the mound by having the pitcher step off the rubber and throw to first, again stating his intentions. - J.R.

Question:

During a Dixie Youth league this situation came up. No out, batter enters left hand box and pitches are delivered at a count of 3-2, the batter suddenly steps across to the right hand box for the last pitch...I stopped the batter and made him return to the original left hand box as his actions took place as the pitcher was on the rubber preparing to pitch...can a batter switch boxes during a batting sequence? I have researched and the rules don't seem real clear.   (John from Lawrenceburg, TN)

Answer:

Yes, the batter can change batter's boxes anytime during his/her at bat, provided that it is not in the middle of pitch, i.e. ball on the way or pitcher in the act of delivering the ball. - J.R.

Question:

My daughter plays softball on a 7-8 yr slowpitch team. last night we had a game in which the game was called due to rain. the game was considered a complete game even though we had only played 28 minutes. we have a 35 minute time rule to be considered a game. the umpire said the game time begins during warmups, but we were under the impression that the game begins at first pitch. what is the correct time that the game should start? thanks   (David from Stockbridge, GA)

Answer:

As a general rule, game time is the announced time the game will start. Ideally, that is the time the first pitch crosses the plate. Game time is a matter of the league setting the start time. By the rule book (ASA), it goes by inning. If you have not completed 4.5 innings, the game is not complete and must be replayed. - J.R.

Question:

In Federation Baseball, if an outfielder is moving on a fair hit ball to lets say right feild...and the ball rolls to the fence and the Right Fielder throws his hands up to indacate a dead ball situation...and the umpire runs out to check the ball. When the official gets to the ball sees that it is clearly not dead and is very playable...(just laying on fence line) Lets say there are runners on first and second...and they hold up from advancing because of the action of the right fielder...What is the machinic for the umpire in judging the supposed dead ball..and his partner the *plate man* for helping with the runners...POINT to the ball as if it was like a thrown ball to a baseman while making a close play and is not caught and give a voice command "BALL ON THE GROUND" and then a (SAFE or NO CATCH machinic as in judging a un-caught fly) and yell PLAY....and leave the base runners in the hands of there base coaches to move them as they see fit....! meaning no base awards because the runners held up there progress on there own discreation...could there be an ejection warning involved...this is just what my partner and I did...if we errored in some way please advice.....thank you   (James from Ft. Myers, FL)

Answer:

On a ball hit to the outfield as you describe, with runners on, the base umpire must try to get the best possible position to see who is moving to catch the ball. He must rule catch or no catch, by this I mean COMMUNICATE with your partner...BAll is DOWN!!!! You can indicate this with the SAFE signal. This way he knows the ball is down.

The players are keying in on the coaches and should listen to them. We cannot as umpires, coach the kids. Though coaches may try to blame you for their error. If the runners held up, not your fault. No base awards are needed here. As an umpire, you can always put players back on bases if you rule the ball went over, through, or stuck in the fence.

The player who erroneously tried to deceive you and the other team should get a warning at the very least. - J.R.

Question:

I have 3 questions:

1. With a runner on second base, while throwing a pitch, the pitcher is called for a balk. The batter hits the pitch out of the park for a homerun. What's the call? Is it a dead ball? Is it the batter's choice? Is it a balk or a homerun?
2. Runner on second base, nobody out. Batter hits a ground-ball up the middle and hits the runner, while standing on second base. What's the call?
3. Runner on third base. Batter hits fly-ball to center field. Ball tips off his glove and is caught by the right fielder. The runner on third tagged up, when the ball touched the center-fielder's glove. Did the runner leave too early? Does the runner have to tag up only when the ball is caught?   (Matt from Somers)

Answer:

1. Under pro rules (8.05), the ball is in play. Home run. Under Highschool Federation Rules this is a dead ball (5-1-1K). Nothing can happen. Runner on second is awarded third.
2. The base is not sanctuary. Runner is out in Pro rules (5.09, 6.08, 6.09, 7.04, 7.09) and is out in Federation rules, (5-1-1f, 8-4-2k) Only exception under Federation rules is the infield fly rule. In which case the batter is out, not the runner, and the ball is dead.
3. The runner can go at FIRST TOUCH. When the ball is first touched by the centerfielder, this releases the tag-up since the runner has complied with the rule. Ring the out and the runner advances at his own risk. This, of course is with less than two outs. - J.R.

Question:

A Little League Question (11-12 yr old division). Score is tied 5-5 top of the 6th one out. Batter at plate (his 3rd at bat) smashes a ball out of the park. Umpire looks at the bat - sees that it is 34" - max allowed in division is 33" - He calls the batter out - no run and the bat is thrown from the game. In the rule book Rule 1.10 it states that if an illegal bat is used it is thrown out of the game. No where does it specify what happens to the hit ball. I have found that in high school, college and pro ball the out stands but I can't find anything about what happens in Little League. Would it fall under rule 9.01 (c) Each umpire has authority to rule on any point not specifically covered in the rule book. Hence his out call stands? I have been told by LL mgr/coaches/and even hqrts that the home run counts - BUT no where in the rule book is it specified.   (Tom from Marlin, TX)

Answer:

I will leave this one for Tom when he gets back, since I do not have the LL book of rules. But one note here. Look at it from this point of view. Should the team at bat gain an advantage by breaking a rule? - J.R.

Question:

Can you clear this one up... In a recent high school game, the runner going to 2nd jumped over the 2nd baseman who was in the baseline near 2nd base and in the act of fielding a throw for an attempted out. The field umpire called the runner out. Parents were confused because the play was at 2nd and they could not clearly see a tag, but did not agree that the runner was called out for jumping over the fielder. We did not get a ruling at the time as to why the runner was called out.   (Jean from Portland)

Answer:

I will take a stab at this one, Tom may correct me later, he is on vacation. I see it this way. By your description of the play it sounds like the ball was hit to the first baseman who fielded it and is trying for 3-4-1 or a 3-4-3 double play. The runner is running toward second with the 2nd baseman covering, expecting a throw and the throw is about to drill the runner in the back. Or the second baseman is off the bag awaiting the throw in order to tag the runner. If, in the umpire's judgement, the runner hurdled or jumped over the 2nd baseman who was not lying on the ground to avoid the tag, this is an out. If, in the umpire's judgement the runner did interfere with the play, the runner is out for the interferance. If it prevented a double play, a second out may be called. - J.R.

Question:

We have the bases loaded, 2 outs, and the catcher misses the third strike. The batter runs toward first. Is there a force at home or does the catcher have to make a tag on the runner from third? Do you have a reference number in the baseball rule book that we can use for the coaches? I haven't seen this play very often and in the past, I've called it a force??? 6.09(b)is the closest thing I can find. Thanks.   (Michael from Gilmer, TX)

Answer:

Force play, ring the out at home. - J.R.

Question:

In the Little League rulebook and OBR, I find no mention of a penalty regarding a batter "throwing" the bat after hitting the ball. Is there some official ruling on this or is this issue only addressed in local ground rules? It seems as though each of us in our association has a different interpretation, however I find no reference to this issue in the rules.   (Tom from Texas City, TX)

Answer:

Thowing the bat is not an infraction by itself and there is no penalty in the OBR. I am unfamiliar with the Little League codes so I cannot comment on them. The only "Official" ruling you may have on this is your local rules. However, if the bat is thrown intentionally and interferes with a fielder making a play, this is interferance and the batter-runner is out.

Forgot one thing, in Federation ball, under rule 3.3, art. 1, a carelessly thrown bat can lead to a warning to the coach. Another offense can lead to the ejection of that player who commited the offense. - J.R.

Question:

Runner is stealing third and has the base stolen according to the umpire. The pitch is wild and goes under the backstop. Does the runner get third base plus one or just third base?   (Norman from Pelham, AL)

Answer:

Both Federation codes and Pro rules will agree on this. One base is awarded. The runner only gets third, no more. - J.R.

Question:

We had this happen recently. Two outs, runner on third, full count on batter. After the next pitch, umpire points to first base (signalling a walk). Batter thinks it's strike three and starts jogging to the dugout on the first base side. As the batter leaves the batter's box, the catcher overthrows the pitcher and the man on third base runs home. Pitcher then gets the ball back and throws to first before the batter has a chance to come out of the dugout and get back on first. Umpire calls the batter out (for the third out) and umpire says the run from third is not allowed. Should the run have scored?   (John from Lafayette, LA)

Answer:

In Tom's absence, I will try to answer this, my forte is the softball side of things. Tom is on Vacation and will be back at the end of the week.

I think that the umpire may have missed something here as well as the batter. The batter must keep the proper count. He should have not headed to the dugout area. Conversely, the ump should have called "Time" and told the batter he has first base. This way nothing out of the ordinary could happen. The ump may have thought that the batter was abandoning his base. This is not the case as I read the rule. The batter must have had the base in order to abandon it, under pro rules, 7.08. In your case the runner never reached the base. I also think it is the same way under Federation (High school) rules as well. But I will ask Tom when he gets back from vacation.

Ok, here is the way I see it: The ball is alive and in play on the return throw to the pitcher. Score the run. Runner on first, two out, next batter please.

The play at first is moot so long as the batter-runner made no attempt to go further. The run would stand, as this is also a time play if the runner made an attempt for second and a tag would be necessary. The runner would have to cross the plate before the tag. - J.R.

Question:

1. The ball lands in foul territory before it goes past third base, the fielder is in fair territory and picks the ball up, is it fair or foul?

2. Same question but, ball is in the air before it goes past third base, but it is in foul territory, the infielder is in fair territory and tries to catch the ball and it hits his glove and falls in foul territory, is it foul or fair?   (Tim from Tallahassee, FL)

Answer:

The fair/foul ruling has nothing to do with the fielder, it has to do with the position of the ball. If the ball is foul, it is foul no matter if the fielder is in fair territory. In the situations you mention, both are foul balls. - J.R.

Question:

My Friend and I were arguing over this question. If a game is called after 6 innings and one of the pitchers has a perfect game and the lead, does the pitcher get the credit for the perfect game?   (Chuck from San Diego, CA)

Answer:

The official criteria has been met for a game that has been called due to rain, darkness, etc. All records will stand, however it may be noted in the official registar with an (*) to denote a shortened game. - J.R.

Question:

Batter's swing at the plate is interfered with by the catcher and umpire rules catcher's interference and awards batter first base. What is the official scoring on the batter?..AB?...hit?...THANKS!   (Terry from Frederick, MD)

Answer:

I am not a scoring expert, rather an umpire that can offer rulings on rules questions. I would guess that the official scoring on this play would be an error on the catcher, and no at bat for the batter. This is my best guess! - T.W.

Question:

My 8yo son plays for a traveling team and was playing in a tourney today. They follow AABC rules. A runner comming home, with a play at the plate, did not slide. They called him out and ejected him from the game. We only had nine players show today so that left 8. We were not allowed to finish with 8 so they found a kid that is not on our team to fill in. He was not allowed to play because he did not have a uniform. The game was in the 4th inning with the score 10-4 our favor. Whats the call?   (Jon from Seymour, TN)

Answer:

This game was not completed legally. A game must go 4 1/2 or 5 innings (depending on if the home team is winning) in order to be considered complete. This game must be replayed. - T.W.

Question:

There is a lot of talk about the "infield fly rule". Can you please explain the entire rule as to its being used. I understand the requirements to put this rule in place. However, how it implemented in regards to Little League players 8 through 12. I am a rookie umpire and want to be certain as to how this rule applies and when it is to be used for smaller kids. Many speak about this rule but I have not heard anyone give exact details as to how to use this rule during play. Thanks.   (Alan from Marlboro, NJ)

Answer:

The infield fly is a fair fly that can be caught by an infielder, with ordinary effort, when there are runners on 1st and 2nd or bases loaded and less than 2 outs. ALL levels of baseball use this rule, with no deviation. So, you as the umpire must enforce it as so. - T.W.

Question:

Please settle a dispute between my son's American Legion coach and me. I grew up being taught that a right handed pitcher (which my son is) could come to a stop in the stretch position in one of two ways: 1) he could have his back totally to the runner at first and his shoulder pointing toward home plate, which allowed the runnner to get a larger lead, but which made the pitcher's delivery quicker to home or 2) The pitcher could stop in a three quarters position with his back foot fully touching the front edge of the rubber, but with his left shoulder pointing more toward the ondeck circle that toward the batter, thereby allowing him to keep the runner closer in exchange for a longer delivery to the plate as he has to bring the front shoulder back toward the plate before delivering the pitch. I taught my son the latter position because he is smaller and it gives him more velocity when he delivers from the stretch position. His coach and the American Legion umpires claim that this cannot be done, that the pitcher must always have his front shoulder pointing directly toward the plate. I tell them that they simply don't see the other position anymore because there is so much speed in the majors. There was a time when the leading base stealer had only about 30 swipes per year. Who is right? I've read the official rules and I don't see where the position is disallowed. Thanks.   (Brian from Baton Rouge, LA)

Answer:

Both stances that you described are perfectly legal set positions. The rule discusses a pitcher opening up his shoulder once he becomes set, but not prior. There are many pitchers in the Northeast (where I umpire) that use an "open set" in order to keep the runner at first base closer. - T.W.

Question:

I got into an argument with my friend about this call, he was sure he was correct. The batter hit a pitch that then bounced off of home plate then into fair territory. Is the ball considered fair or foul? It was only an intramural game, but I was just wondering what the right call should be. The ump called it a foul ball and I agreed.   (Aaron from Youngstown, OH)

Answer:

The umpire incorrectly called this play. The plate is in fair territory, therefore this should have been ruled a FAIR ball. - T.W.

Hate to burst your bubble, but all codes in base and softball agree, home plate is in fair territory. Threfore any ball that is hit and hits the plate and goes fair, is a fair ball. Play it! - J.R.

Question:

When the batter hits the ball and it hits home plate before going into fair territory is this a fair or foul ball?   (Tom from Ford City)

Answer:

Fair Ball! - J.R.

Question:

I got into a disagreement with my son over a play during a game a couple of weeks ago. A player leaped up against the outfield fence to make a catch, caught the ball leaning against the fence, then fell over. The play was ruled a catch, but I say that because he landed beyond the fence, that the play was a home run. Who's right?   (Steven from Spokane, WA)

Answer:

It is not where he lands, it is where the ball is caught or the last ground the defensive player touched before leaving the field. You lost, your son is correct, the catch and the out stand. - J.R.

The play was correctly ruled a catch, but it is not a home run. Since the fielder left the field of play and was not standing, the ball would become dead, and any runners on base would be awarded 1 base. - T.W.

Question:

Where can I find a copy of the official Rules of Baseball? It's always nice to have a copy in your back pocket for those times when you are right! Thank you.   (Dennis from Manteca)

Answer:

There are many places to get the Official Baseball Rules book. You could try any book store, and they should have it. Also, check out the site www.majorleaguebaseball.com and you will find a link to the rules. - T.W.

Question:

What is the playoff system if three teams finished tied in a division at the end of the regular season (assuming no wild card)?   (Chris from Detroit, MI)

Answer:

This question does not specifically deal with the rules of the game. This is more of a league administration question. My personal opinion is that the #2 and #3 seeded teams should play and the winner of that should play the #1 seed for the title. - T.W.

Question:

What is a ground rule double?   (Brenda from Amery, WI)

Answer:

A ground rule double is a ruling on the field by umpires when a fair batted ball leaves the field of play after it has touched the ground in the field of play. Each field has its own special ground rules, and these should be discussed with both team representatives at the exchange of line-up cards meeting prior to the game. - T.W.

Question:

I had this situation come up last night in a 12-year old MAJOR Little League game. Batter is batting with a 1-0 count. Right in the middle of the pitcher's windup, the 3rd base coach calls "timeout" to his batter. His batter steps out of the box and the pitcher (totally confused) stops his windup. I realize that this is not an 'illegal pitch' under Little League rules - but I'm not really clear on what it is. The plate umpire and I ruled that the coach did not have timeout granted - but that we didn't know what kind of penalty to enforce (I don't believe there is one). It was not right to call a ball on the batter, as it was not the pitcher's coach that tried to call the timeout. The plate umpire called the pitch a 'no pitch' and told the coach that he could not arbitrarily ask for time in the middle of a pitch and resumed pitching again with the count still 1-0. Did we do the right thing?   (Dan from Round Rock, TX)

Answer:

You have exercised a very important umpire mechanic that you will not find in any manual - preventative umpiring. In addition to what you ruled (no pitch), I would warn the coach that he can not do this again, otherwise he can be ejected from the game. - T.W.

Question:

Last Sunday, we were playing a AAU 14U game in St. Pete., FL. The situation was bases loaded - 1 out. As our pitching began his stretch wind-up, the base umpire[between 2nd & p-mound] called "Balk", our pitcher continued throwing & batter hits a gapper to left center which cleared the bases. After play stopped, our manager called time and asked the HP umpire if the ball was DEAD when the base umpire called "Balk". The HP umpire refused to offer help unless the base umpire asked. The base umpire said the hit and 3 runs stand as play developed. He refused to respond to "AAU rulebook" that states a "balk is a deadball".

1. Is the ball immediately dead & all 3 runners advance 1 base?
2. What is the proper way to approach asking for a correct ruling in this situation - HP umpire first or base umpire who made the call?
3. Is this not a protestable type of situation where umpires should make sure of correctness of rule book intent? We were not questioning the judgement of IF the pitchers movements were a "Balk", only the ruling of whether ball immediately becomes "Dead".
4. Is the HP umpire supposed to "run" the game and step in and make a rules interpretation/clarification based on request from the manager that can be clearly corrected if in fact "Balk = dead ball"? This umpire took the position that he had no authority to step in and make an interpretation/ruling unless asked by base umpire?!?   (Tim from Naples, FL)

Answer:

Let's address your questions one at a time...

1. According to AAU rules, the ball becomes dead immediately when an umpire calls a balk. Therefore there is no pitch and the runners all advance 1 base each.
2. The correct way that umpires would want you to approach this situation is to politely and calmly ask the umpire that made the call if he would ask his partner for help in his ruling, because you believe that his ruling was in error. The key here is calm and polite. I would go to the base ump and state that you believe the ball should be dead and would he ask his partner for help.
3. Mis-application of a rule is certainly a reason that a game can be protested. In this case, if I didn't get the answer from the base ump and the plate ump didn't over-turn his ruling, I would lodge a formal protest.
4. The goal here is to get the call right. The base umpire should consult with his partner for help in this situation so as to get it correct. The proper umpire mechanic is that the two umpires should confer, somewhere away from the coaches, and once there is a ruling, the base umpire should make it.

In summary, I believe that the umpires incorrectly ruled on this balk. AAU rule for 14U follow the NFHS rule book which states that a balk is a dead ball and all runners advance one base. - T.W.

Question:

When there is a question of whether a (out)fielder has caught or trapped a flyball, doesn't the field umpire have to make the call immediately? Here's the situation from my son's high school game- bases loaded, 2 out, batter hits a flyball to right center. Right fielder dives and apparently makes the catch. The umpire makes no call, the fielders think the out has been made and run off the field. The runners continue to circle the bases until all runners have scored, the umpire still has made no call, then after our coach asks (rather loudly) what's the call, umpire says the fielder trapped the ball. Shouldn't he have made the call right away? Before the fielders ran off the field? If the answer (rule) is yes, and the game was protested regarding that call, would the protest hold up? Thanks for your clarification on this rule.   (Mike from San Jose, CA)

Answer:

The first thing that I'd like to say is that good umpiring mechanics involves good timing when making your calls. An old schoolism taught to many umpires is, "It's nothing until the umpire calls it." Now to get to your play. The responsibility for the call of the catch of this ball is fact the base umpire. That is his primary responsibility, and he should concentrate on this play until he decides if it is a catch or not. This is what umpires call a "trouble" ball. This means that when the call is made, it needs to be sold to everyone, not some non-chalant call. I would not advocate an immediate call, this could lead to a potential reversed call, but I would certainly say that waiting to make a call when asked by a coach is certainly asking for trouble. The umpire dug his own grave here, by not being assertive in his call, regardless of what it is.

Now, as far as the protest goes, I do know that a judgment call can NOT be protested, so the fact of catch vs. no catch is not an issue. If the defense is protesting that the fact that the umpire waited too long to make a call has cost him some runs scoring, I don't believe that that protest would hold up. Players should play offense or defense until the umpire makes a ruling. Things can be sorted out or reversed accordingly once the ball becomes dead. But once a team decides to stop playing (as the defense did in this case), the only recourse for this umpire after his call, is to let the results of the advancing runners stand. The defense should have continued their efforts to retire runners, even if they believed the ball was a catch. It's better to be safe than sorry. (sorry for the pun) - T.W.

Question:

This happened to me while pitching in a slow pitch softball game:   The batter hit a sinking line drive back at me. It bounced off my foot - specifically the big toe. The ball went about 20 feet in the air and the second baseman caught the ball. He threw to 1st to double up the runner who broke for 2nd on the hit. The umpire ruled that the runner on first had safely advanced to second and that the batter/runner going to first was out, 4-3. The umpire would not acknowledge that the ball hit my foot until I took my shoe & sock off and showed him the bruised big toe. He then said that the foot was an extension of the ground and therefore the 2nd baseman did not catch the ball in the air. Was the ump right?   (Joe from Grafton, MA)

Answer:

First, I hope the pain was not to much, 'cause that must have hurt. This is one of those plays that we call a "Banger." Things happen so fast and you have to react to several things. Let's look at the rule for a catch. ASA Rule #1 Definitions of a Catch. In the code it states, paraphrasing here, that a ball that hits the defense without touching the ground and is caught by another member of the defense, is a legal catch. That is, provided all other provisions of the the rule are satisfied. So the batter is out, no matter which way you look at it. Also see Rule #8 section 2.

As far as the base runner should tag up, however, the runner can leave once it is touched by the defense, hence the ball struck you, that runner can leave the base. He is in jeopardy of having a play made on him. The advance to second base is legal.

Your umpire ruled correctly as far as I can tell, but the explanation may not have been the best. - J.R.

Question:

Runners at 1st and 3rd. The runner at 1st breaks to 2nd. The pitcher then does the inside move (right handed pitcher) to 2nd. Is this a balk? Is this not picking to an unoccupied base? When does a base become occupied? The answer we get from our umpires is that it is not a balk. Please give me your opinion. Thanks.   (Mike from Hobbs, NM)

Answer:

Don't forget that the intent of the balk rule is to prevent the pitcher from deceiving the runner. In this case, the pitcher is making a play on an advancing runner, with no deception. I agree with your previously returned interpretation - this is NOT a balk, but indeed a good play. - T.W.

Question:

I am a high school baseball player and I have heard rumors that a rule has changed concerning baseball bats. Is it true that the bats now have to be -3 instead of -5 (i.e. 32 inches 27 ounces)?   (Mike from Old Bridge)

Answer:

The rumor that you heard is in fact true - however, that regulation does not go into effect until the 2001 season. You can still use the -5 bats this year. - T.W.

Question:

Why is the infield fly rule in effect with less than two outs and runners on first and second or bases loaded, and NOT when there is ONLY a runner on first and less than two outs?   (Bob from Morgantown)

Answer:

This rule first appeared in the rule book in 1895, and has remained virtually unchanged. Specifically, it is to prevent an intentional double play.

Prior to 1895, an infielder could let the ball fall to the ground, scoop it up and then, because a force was in effect, throw for at least a double play. If the batter did not leg out the hit, it is possible for a triple play. As so it happened in 1882 on June 22nd in an American Assocation game between the Cincinnati Red Stockings and the Pittsburgh Alleghenys. - J.R.

Question:

Saw your site on a search. Need an answer please. Runner on third with two out. Ground ball to first base. The fielder picks up the ball, and tags the slow runner (does not tag the bag). In the meanwhile, the runner on 3rd scores ahead of the tag. Does the runner on 3rd count as a run? Thanks for your time.   (Jack from Israel)

Answer:

Because the third out of the inning was a 'force out', the run does not count. The plate umpire should use proper mechanics and 'wave' the run off (signalling safe while loudly and emphatically stating 'No Run, No Run'). Now, you say that the runner was tagged, so how can that be a force out? The easiest way to remember this situation is that, any runner that is forced to a base and is recorded out prior to that runner touching that base has been forced out, for the purposes of this play, and no runs count. - T.W.

Official Baseball Rules - Major League Baseball

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NFHS Softball Rules